sant] 



Efje tfeagurg of iJSatang. 



1016 



fleshy, and usually sword or lance-shaped 

 with sheathing bases, either in two oppo- 

 site rows or tufted ; their simple flower- 

 spikes rising from the centre, and hearing 

 the whitish or yellowish-green flowers in 

 clusters along them. In its technical cha- 

 racters the genus is very closely allied to 

 Braccena, the flowers differing only in the 

 combined calyx and corolla not being 

 divided further than the middle, and in." 

 the long slender erect style being termi- 

 nated by an undivided round-headed stig- 

 ma. 



S. guineensis, the African Bowstring 

 Hemp, has lance-shaped leaves from one 

 to four feet long and three to four 

 inches wide, flat in the middle, narrower 

 and channelled or rolled in towards the 

 base, and terminated upwards in a short 

 blunt point; when young they are marked 

 with pale-coloured cross-bands, but ulti- 

 mately assume an uniform shining green. 



S. Roxburglnana, the Moorva or Marool 

 of the Indian peninsula, has leaves about 

 the same length as the last, but very much 

 narrower, and concave or channelled along 

 the whole upper surface and convex or 

 keeled below, somewhat approaching a 

 cylindrical form, and terminated by a 

 tapering spine-like point ; they are also of 

 a duller green, marked with alternate paler 

 wavy cross-bands. The fibre of the Moorva 

 is very strong and of fine quality, and is 

 suitable for the manufacture of fine string 

 and cordage. This latter plant is fre- 

 quently confounded with S. zeylanica, a 

 much smaller species. [A. S.] 



SANTALACE.E. (Osyridaeece, Sandal- 

 icorts). An order of apetalous dicotyledons, 

 consisting of trees or more frequently 

 shrubs or herbs, often parasitical on roots, 

 with alternate or rarely opposite entire 

 leaves without stipules, the flowers usually 

 small and green in terminal or lateral 

 heads cymes or spikes. The order is well 

 characterised by the stamens being as 

 many as and opposite to the lobes of the 

 perianth; by the inferior one-celled ovary 

 with three to five ovules, suspended from 

 a free central placenta; by the indehiscent 

 fruit with a single seed, and by the straight 

 embryo in a fleshy albumen. The species 

 are dispersed over the tropical and tempe- 

 rate regions of the globe, but are more 

 abundant in the Old World than in America; 

 they are distributed into about twenty ge- 

 neraof which the most important are Qitin- 

 chamalitwi, Pyrularia, Osyris, Thesium, 

 Leptomeria, and Santalnm, to which some 

 botanists add Henslowia and Exocarpus. 



SANTALIK The principle of the co- 

 louring-matter in Pterocarpus Santalinus. 



SANTALTTM. A genus of sandalworts, 

 distinguished by having a superior calyx, 

 ■which is four-cleft, furnished with four 

 glands alternating with its divisions, and 

 four stamens opposite to them. The spe- 

 cies are trees or shrubs, natives of Asia, 

 Australia, and the Pacific Isles. S. album 

 yields the Sandalwood of India; that of 

 the Sandwich Islands is derived from 8. 



Freycinetianum and S. paniculaticm. The 

 name of the genus is derived from the 

 Persian. [G. D.] 



SANTA-MARIA THEE. Calophylhim 

 Calaba. 



SANTOLINA. A genus of small twiggy 

 undershrubs of the Composite, peculiar to 

 the Mediterranean region. They have 

 much in common with Achillea, from 

 which they are distinguished by their 

 quadrangular achenes being neither wing- 

 ed nor margined, as well as by the lower 

 portion of their compressed corolla-tubes 

 being prolonged into a sort of hood, enve- 

 loping the summit of the ovary. The com- 

 mon Lavender Cotton, S. Chamcecyparissus, 

 is one of the widest-spread species, and 

 has long been known in gardens, where it 

 may be frequently met with planted along 

 the margins of shrubbery borders. It is 

 a neat erect branching bush one to two 

 feet high, the stems and leaves clothed 

 with a hoary pubescence. The small linear 

 leaves, thickly set on the wiry twigs, are 

 furnished with four to six rows of short 

 obtuse teeth ; and the yellow flower-heads, 

 which resemble those of a chamomile di- 

 vested of its white rays, are solitary, and 

 stalked at the ends of the twigs. This 

 plant was once esteemed for its vermifuge 

 and stimulant properties, and the twigs 

 have been used for placing in wardrobes 

 to keep moths from clothes, as well as 

 for their strong rather agreeable odour, 

 which is common to all the species. 



All the species have a strong resemblance 

 to the foregoing, with the exception of S. 

 frograntissima, which differs in having the 

 flower-heads in corymbs instead of singly 

 at the apex of the twigs, which are furnish- 

 ed with ovate crenelled leaves. According 

 to Porskal the Arabs use the juice of this 

 plant for bathing the eyes. [A. A. B.] 



SANTONINE. The vermifuge principle I 

 of the Semen Contra, a medicinal substance 

 obtained from the flower-heads of some of 

 the Artemisias, and a most powerful anthel- 

 mintic. 



SANVITALIA. A genus of Composite, 

 distinguished by the paleaceous receptacle 

 of its flower-heads ; by the achenes of the 

 ray having three awns, those of the outer 

 portions of the disk muricated, of the inner 

 winged ; and by the involucral scales being 

 flat and imbricated in two or three series. 

 S. procumbens is a common annual plant 

 from Mexico, with a procumbent habit, 

 ovate entire leaves, and flower-heads like 

 those of a Rudbeckia, with a yellow ray and 

 dark disk. [T. M.] 



SAiSTWUCK. An Indian name for Pani- 



cum frumentaceum. 



SAOUARI or SOTTARI-WOOD. An 



excellent timber forshipbuilding and other 

 purposes, resembling Mora in its proper- 

 ties. It is obtained from Caryocar nucife- 

 rum and C. tomentosmm, which yield also 

 the delicious Souari-nuts. 



SAP. The juice of a plant. 



