1019 



CIjc Ereaguru at 3Satang. 



[SARC 



SAPROSMA. A genus of cinchonaceous 

 trees, natives of Java, having numerous 

 crowded sessile axillary or terminal flow- 

 ers, which have a four-toothed persistent 

 calyx ; a hairy four-cleft corolla, to the 

 throat of which are attached four stamens ; 

 a cleft stigma ; and oval smooth fruit, 

 crowned by the limb of the calyx, one- 

 celled, and one-seeded. The fruits and the 

 ■wood of these trees are said to have a 

 filthy smell, whence the name of the genus, 

 from the Greek words sapros ' putrid,' and 

 osme ' smell.* [M. T. M.] 



SAPUCATA. Lecythis Ollaria. 



SAPUTA. A Brazilian name for Ton- 

 telea. 



SARACEN'S COXSOUD. Senecio sarrace- 

 nicus. 



SARACHA. Witheringia, 



SARAZIXE. (Fr.) Aristolochia Clemati- 

 tis. 



SARCAXDRA. A genus of Chlorantha- 

 cece, consisting of Cingalese shrubs, with 

 the appearance of that of the species of 

 Chloranthus. The flowers are perfect, in 

 loose spikes, concealed within a concave 

 bract; stamen solitary, with a thick fleshy 

 filament, which adheres partially to the 

 ovary ; anther two-celled, the cells opening 

 lengthwise, approximate above but di- 

 verging below, fruit fleshy, one-seeded. 

 The name is from the Greek, and alludes to 

 the fleshy stamen. [M. T. M.J 



SARCAXTHTTS. Originally this genus 

 of orchids consisted of two or three 

 Chinese species split off trie older genus 

 Tanda, but several East Indian and Philip- 

 pine plants have since at various times 

 been added. They are epiphytes, with flat 

 or sometimes terete leaves on opposite 

 i sides of the stems, and racemes of small 

 | but rather showy flowers growing opposite 

 the leaves. Their flowers have nearly 

 equal spreading sepals and petals, a short 

 three-lobed fleshy lip jointed with the 

 column and spurred, the spur beingdivided 

 inside, and an erect half-cylindrical co- 

 lumn. The anther is two-celled ; and the 

 two pollen-masses are lobed or channelled 

 behind. [A. S.] ' 



SARCIXA. A very curious production 

 of a somewhat doubtful nature, but of 

 some importance in consequence of its 

 connection with one of the most serious 

 diseases to which the human frame is sub- 

 ject. In cancerous affections of the sto- 

 mach, which are almost always accom- 

 panied by distressing vomiting, the matter 

 thrown up very frequently contains mi- 

 nute quadrilateral bodies connected to- 

 gether in patches consisting of four, or 

 some multiple of four. The mode of mul- 

 tiplication is not uncommon amongst the 

 lower Algce, but it is not without example 

 amongst Fungi, or even amongst lichens. 

 As however true Algce are, as far as we 

 know, never developed in animal sub- 

 stances, the first presumption is that 

 Sarcina, a name derived from the masses 



1 resembling little woolpacks, is some form 

 of fungus analogous to the yeast-form of 

 Penicilhum and other thread-moulds. At- 

 tempts, however, at making these bodies 

 germinate have failed entirely, possibly 

 from not placing them in a fluid favourable 

 to their growth. In diluted syrup they 

 remain perfect for many months, without 

 showing the slightest tendency to in- 

 crease. Sarcina is not, however, confined 

 to affections of the stomach, but has been 

 found in urine— whether of patients or 

 animals suffering from cancer of the blad- 

 der or kidneys we cannot say. A circum- 

 stance, however, occurred a few years 

 since which tends greatly to confirm our 

 notion that the matter is of fungous origin. 

 Dr. H. O. Stephens, on examining at Bris- 

 tol a cargo of bones just imported from 

 South America, observed that many of 

 them were covered with an orange-colour- 

 ed gelatinous mass, looking like some Fusi- 

 sporium. On examination, however, it had 

 exactly the structure of Sarcina , and on 

 this as well as on other accounts we be- 

 lieve Sarcina to be a fungus and not an 

 alga, [M. J. BJ 



SARCIXANTHUS. A genus of the order 

 Fandanacece. The species have ascandent 

 or twining stem, with two-lobed stalked 

 leaves crowded together at the ends of the 

 branches. The spadix is stalked and axil- 

 lary, The genus differs from its nearallios 

 Carludovica and Evodianthus in the thick 

 fleshy perianth of the male flowers ; its 

 limb is divided into a number of lobes 

 arranged in one row. There are also differ- 

 j ences in the insertion of the stamens and 

 j the form of the lobes of the perianth in 

 ! the female flower. The species inhabit 

 i Central America, [M. T. JI.] 



SARCOBASIS. The, same kind of fruit 

 ! as the Carcerulus. 



SARCOCAPXOS. A genus of Fumaria- 

 ' ceo>, differing from Corydalis in the short 

 indehiscent pod, with three-nerved valves, 

 and only two seeds. They are perennial 

 herbs, occuring in the western portion of 

 the Mediterranean region, and have branch- 

 ed diffuse stems, often somewhat shrubby 

 i at the base; with alternate long-stalked 

 i leaves, usually tripartite or ternate, thick 

 and fleshy, and short few-flowered terminal 

 racemes of rather large yellowish flowers 

 with purple blotches at the tip, upper petal 

 with an obtuse spur. [J. T. S.J 



SARCOCARP. The fleshy part of the 

 pericarp lying between the epicarp and 

 endocarp. 



SARCOCEPHALTJS. The name of a 

 climbing shrub, native of Western Tropi- 

 cal Africa, and constituting a genus of Cin- 

 chonacece. The flowers are grouped in ter- 

 minal heads, and are fused together, and 

 with the receptacle, into one large fleshy 

 mass. The free margins of the calyx are 

 very short ; the corollas funnel-shaped, 

 five to six-cleft ; anthers five or six, sessile 

 within the throat of the corolla; ovaries 

 fused together; styles distinct; stigmas 



