SASS] 



Cfje tEmgurg of 2Satau». 



1024 



which is still sold to the working-classes 

 in the early morning at the corners of the 

 London streets. In Virginia the young 

 shoots are made into a kind of beer ; in 

 Louisiana the leaves are used as a condi- 

 ment in sauces, while their mucilaginous 

 properties render them useful for thicken- 

 ing soups. The fruits have an agreeable 

 perfume, and with the oil extracted from 

 them are made use of by perfumers. The 

 wood and bark furnish a yellow dye. In 

 Sumatra & Parthenoxylon answers the same 

 purposes. S. officinale is frequently grown 

 in this country as an ornamental tree. It 

 is remarkable for the variety it presents 

 in the size and shape of its leaves. 



What is known as Orinoco Sassafras is 

 the produce of Nectandra cymbarum, while 

 Cayenne Sassafras is derived from Licana 

 guianensis. Sassafras-nuts, which were 

 formerly used as astringents and tonics, 

 are the seeds of one or two species of 

 Nectandra. The name Sassafras is said to 

 be a corruption of the Spanish word for 

 saxifrage. [M. T. M.J 



SASSAFRAS. Sassafras officinale. — , 

 AUSTRALIAN. Atherosperma moschata. 

 — , BRAZILIAN. Nectandra cymbarum. 

 — , CAYENNE. Licana guianensis, which 

 yields an excellent timber. — , NEW 

 HOLLAND. Doryphora Sassafras. — , 

 ORIENTAL. Sassafras Parthenoxylon. — , 

 ORINOCO. Nectandra cymbarum. — , 

 SWAMP. Magnolia glauca. — , TASMA- 

 NIAN. Atherosperma moschata. 



SATINE. A cabinet-wood of French 

 Guiana, the produce of Ferolia guianensis. 



SATINEE. (Fr.) Lunaria biennis and 

 L. rediviva. 



SATINWOOD A beautiful veneering 

 wood of India, obtained from Chloroxylon 

 Swietenia. — , BAHAMAS. A timber sup- 

 posed to be the produce of Maba gumeensis. 



SATIRE. (Fr.1 Phallus. 



SATDREIA. A genus of the Labiatw, 

 and the type of the suborder Saturtaz. 

 There are several species, of which the 

 most important are S. hortensis and S. mon- 

 tana, both well known under the more 

 familiar names of Summer and Winter 

 Savory, and highly esteemed in cookery 

 for their powerful aromatic flavour. 



The Summer Savory, S. hortensis, is a 

 hardy annual, a native of the South of 

 Europe, and supposed to have been intro- 

 duced into this country in 1562, as both 

 the Winter and Summer Savory were 

 known to Gerard in 159". The stem is erect 

 branching pubescent, and of a reddish- 

 green colour. The leaves are opposite 

 linear-lanceolate smooth, and of a pale- 

 green. The flowers are small axillary pale 

 lilac, and generally in twos on each foot- 

 stalk. The leaves are used for the same 

 purposes as those of the Winter Savory. 

 Both species were noticed by Virgil as 

 being among the most fragrant of herbs, 

 and on this account were recommended to 

 be grown near beehives. Vinegar flavour- 

 ed with savory and other aromatic herbs 



was as much used by the ancient Romans 

 as mint-sauce is at the present day with us. 

 The Winter Savory, S. montana, is a 

 hardy and very dwarf suffrutescent ever- 

 green, a native of the South of France and 

 other parts of Europe, and known in this 

 country since 1562. The leaves are sessile 

 linear-lanceolate entire, abruptly termi- 

 nated by a short sharp point. The flowers 

 are axillary small, pale purple almost white, 

 borne two or thi-ee together on the same 

 footstalk. The whole plant is highly aro- 

 matic, and is employed like other sweet 

 herbs for seasoning in cookery. To pre- 

 serve a supply, it may be cut just before 

 the flowers expand, and dried in the same 

 manner as directed for basil. [ W. B. BJ 



SATYRIA. A genus of American shrubs 

 belonging to the Vaccimacece. The flowers 

 are purple, and may be discriminated from 

 those of adjacent genera by their filaments 

 being combined into a tube; by the anthers 

 being alternately long and short, opening 

 by two pores at the top ; and by the cells 

 of the ovary containing but one ovule. 

 The fruit is inferior and fleshy. The name 

 is from saturos, ' a satyr.' [M. T. M.] 



SATYRIDIUM rostratum. A little ter- 

 restrial Cape orchid allied to Satyrium, 

 from which it differs in the 'parts of its 

 flower being more flatly spread out, in its 

 pollen-masses having only one gland, and 

 in its minute one-lipped stigma. [A. S.] 



SATYRIUM. An extensive genus of 

 ophrydeous orchids found principally in 

 Southern Africa, the Mascaren Islands, and 

 Northern India, and consisting of testicu- 

 late-rooted terrestial plants in habit re- 

 sembling some of our common species of 

 Orchis. The flowers are what is called rin- 

 geut or two-lipped, the sepals and petals be- 

 ing all directed downwards and connate at 

 the base, forming a kiud of lower lip ; while 

 the hooded double-spurred or saccate label- 

 lum is erect at the back, and forms the 

 upper lip. They have a reversed anther, 

 pollen-masses with naked glands, and a 

 two-lipped stigma with the upper much 

 larger than the under lip. [A. S.] 



SAUCE-ALONE. Sisymbrium Alliaria. 



SAUGE. (Ft.) Salvia. — D'AMERIQUE 

 Tarchonanthus. — DE BETHLEEM. Pul- 

 monaria. — BE JERUSALEM. Pulmo- 

 naria. — DES BO IS. Teucrium Scoro- 

 donia. —EN ARBRE. Phlomis fniticosa.. 

 — GRANDE. Salvia officinalis. —PETITE. 

 Salvia hispanorum. — SAUVAGE. Teu- 

 crium Scorodonia. 



SAUGH. The Sallow, Salix caprea. 



SAUL. The Sal, one of the most useful 

 known Indian timbers for building and 

 engineering purposes. It is the produce 

 of Shorea robusla, and yields in abundance 

 the resin called Dammar. 



SAULE. (Fr.1 Salix. -A BOTS GLAU- 

 QUE. Salix daphnoides. — AMANDIER. 

 Salix triandra. — LAURIER. Salix pen- 

 tandra. — MARCEAU. Salix caprea. — 



