1025 



Cije Crrajpurp of 3B0tam>. 



[SAUK 



NOIR. Salix daphnoides. — PLEUREUR. 

 Salix babylonica. 



SAUMAY, or SAWMAT. An Indian 

 name for Panicum miliaceum. 



SArXDERS-WOOD. Sanders-wood. 



SAURAUJA. One of those genera re- 

 specting which considerable diversity of 

 opinion exists as to its position in the 

 Natural System. It was formerly referred 

 to Ternstromiacece, and is still retained 

 there by some ; though it differs from other 

 genera of that order in having a great 

 number of minute seeds with copious albu- 

 men and a very small embryo, resembling 

 those of DiUeniaeece, to which order other 

 botanists refer it, but from which it is 

 distinguished by its seeds being destitute 

 of the' fleshy appendage or aril character- 

 istic of that order. Between thirty and 

 forty species are described, mostly natives 

 of the Indian Archipelago and other parts 

 of tropical Asia, a few only belonging to 

 tropical America. They are trees or shrubs, 

 with the young branches clothed with stiff 

 hairs, and have alternate mostly sharp- 

 toothed thick leaves with strongly marked 

 veins running from the midrib to the 

 margin ; and white or yellow flowers, dis- 

 posed in panicles or several together upon 

 stalks growing from the angles of the 

 leaves. Their five sepals and also their 

 Ave petals overlap each other, the petals 

 being usually united together at the bot- 

 tom, and having the numerous stamens 

 adheringto them.the latter having loosely- 

 swinging anthers opening by pores or slits 

 at the top. The ovary is from three to five- 

 celled, with numerous ovules in each cell ; 

 and bears from three to five styles, which 

 are free, or more or less united. The fruits 

 are succulent, and very seldom open natu- 

 rally at maturity. [A. S.] 



SAURINE. (Fr.) A kind of olive. 



SAUROGLOSSUM elatum. A South Bra- 

 zilian terrestrial orchid with a very tall 

 spike of densely-set green flowers. It be- 

 longs to the Spiranthklce group, and is, ac- 

 cording to Dr. Lindley, nearly allied to Pe- 

 lexia, from which it is distinguished by its 

 lateral sepals being incurved, its very long 

 column, triangular undivided stigma, and 

 its narrow free not cucullate lip. [A. SJ 



SAUROMATUM. A genus of Indian 

 herbs, of the order Aracece. From a glo- 

 bular fleshy rootstock proceeds first a 

 spadix on a short stalk, with scales at the 

 base, the spathe being tubular below and 

 spreading above, marked with purple spots. 

 The spadix bears a quantity of club-shaped 

 rudimentary stamens below the fertile 

 ones, the anthers being distinct, their cells 

 opening by an oblique chink. The ovaries 

 are numerous distinct and one-celled, with 

 two ovules from the base of the cavity. 

 The fruits are succulent and one-seeded. 

 The pedately-divided leaf, on a tall stout 

 often mottled stalk, appears after the spa- 

 dix. S. gnttatum is an interesting stove- 

 plant, and its handsome foliage and spotted 



stem together render it an ornamental 

 object. [M. T. M.] 



SAITROPUS. This genus of Eupliorbi- 

 acew contains about eight species, found 

 in tropical India and the Eastern islands. 

 They are small twiggy shrubs having alto- 

 gether the habit of Phyllanthus, their pale- 

 green entire oblong or ovate leaves being 

 arranged in a two-ranked manner, and bear- 

 ing in their axils clusters of small green 

 or yellow flowers, which are fertile and ste- 

 rile on the same plant. The calyx consists 

 of six divisions, which are often united 

 nearly to the apex, forming a flat circular 

 flower ; in some the calyx is reflexed and 

 umbrella-like, but what is characteristic 

 of the genus is the disk, which consists of 

 six glands arising from near the base of 

 the calyx-segments immediately surround- 

 ing the three stamens in the sterile flower, 

 and the three-celled ovary crowned with 

 its three reflexed styles in the fertile flower. 

 The fruits are three-celled capsules some- 

 times a little fleshy, with one or two seeds 

 in each cell. S. trinervia, called also Phyl- 

 lanthus trmervia, is notable in the genus 

 from its three-nerved leaves, which are 

 ovate-lanceolate in form. [A. A. B.] 



SATJRURACE^E. A small order of ape- 

 talous dicotyledons allied in some respects 

 to Piperacece, consisting of herbs usually 

 simple or little branched, with alternate 

 stipulate entire leaves, and small flowers 

 in dense terminal spikes or racemes. There 

 is no perianth, although sometimes the co- 

 loured bracts at the base of the spike as- 

 sume the appearance of petals. There are 

 from three to six or seven stamens usually 

 united with the base of each ovary,, which 

 is three or four-lobed, and consists of as 

 many carpels, with two or more ovules 

 to each. The fruit is a small capsule or a 

 berry. There are very few species, natives 

 of North America or of Central or Eastern 

 Asia, distributed in four or five genera, 

 which, however, might perhaps all be re- 

 duced to the two original ones, Saurwms 

 and Houttuynia. 



SAURUROPSIS. A name proposed by 

 Turczaninow for the Sauvunis Loureiri 

 from Northern China, which he considers 

 sufficiently distinct to form a separate 

 genus. It is, however, scarcely adopted 

 by other botanists. 



SAURITRrS. An herbaceous perennial, 

 a native of the marshes of North America, 

 constituting the genus which gives its 

 name to the small order Saururacece. It 

 has alternate broad heart-shaped leaves, 

 and small white flowers, nearly sessile in a 

 slender naked terminal spike, from which 

 the plant has derived the popular name of 

 Lizard's-tail. Each flower consists of six 

 or seven stamens, with rather long distinct 

 filaments round the base of the ovary. 

 The fruit is somewhat fleshy, consisting 

 of three or four carpels united at the base, 

 each with a single seed. A second species 

 from North-eastern Asia is by some con- 

 sidered as a distinct genus. 



