Wfyz Crratfurg nf Statang* 



1026 



SAUSSUREA. A genus of herbaceous 

 alpine plants belonging to the thistle 

 group of compound flowers, and distin- 

 guished by the pappus being of several 

 rows, the inner feathery and much the 

 longest, and by the anthers being furnished 

 with two bristles at the base. There are 

 several species. S. alpina is found on 

 Snowdon, and in the highlands of Scotland. 

 It is a well-marked plant eight to twelve 

 inches high, with oblong root-leaves which 

 are cottony below, a simple erect woolly 

 stem almost bare of leaves, and termi- 

 nating in a crowded tuft of rather large 

 purple flowers. [C. A. J.] 



SAUTELLTTS. A deciduous bulb formed 

 in the axils of leaves, or round the summit 

 of a root. 



SAUVAGESTACEiE* or SAUVAGE.E. 

 A tribe of Violacece, considered by some 

 botanists as a separate order, distinguished 

 by the presence of staminodiain the shape 

 of a ring of filaments or a tube or cup 

 round the five perfect stamens. The group 

 has also considerable affinity with some 

 Ochnacece. 



SAUVAGESIA. The type of the order 

 Sauvagesiacece, by some botanists classed 

 with Violacece. It is a genus confined to 

 the tropics, and composed of small annual 

 or biennial herbs found on roadsides and 

 amongst the grass of tropical meadows. 

 Their leaves are alternate lanceolate, and 

 their flowers regular, white or pink, and 

 either axillary or in terminal racemes. 

 The calyx consists of five sepals, and the 

 corolla of five petals, opposite to which 

 latter are five fertile stamens alternating 

 with five scales. The style and stigmas 

 are simple, the capsule ovate three-cor- 

 nered, one-celled, and three-valved. Some 

 of them are scarcely an inch high when be- 

 ginning to flower. S. erecta, the Herb of St. 

 Martin, is very mucilaginous : it has been 

 used in Brazil for complaints in the eyes, 

 in Peru for disorders of the bowels, and 

 in the West Indies as a diuretic. [B. SJ 



SATJVE-VIE. (Fr.) Asplenium Bata- 

 tn.wro.ria. 



SAVANNAH FLOWERS. A West In- 

 dian name for various species of Echites. 



SAVIA. A genus of the group of En- 

 phorbiacew, in which the cells of the fruit 

 are two-seeded. The eight or ten known 

 species found in the East and West Indies 

 and Madagascar are evergreen shrubs, 

 with somewhat laurel-like leaves, bearing 

 in their axils a few stalked or sessile in- 

 conspicuous flowers, which are either ste- 

 rile and fertile on the same or on different 

 plants. [A. A. B.] 



SAVIGNYA. A genus of Cruciferce, con- 

 sisting of a small annual Egyptian herb, 

 with thickishleaves, the lowerones stalked 

 oval and bluntly toothed, and the upper 

 sessile narrow and entire ; the racemes of 

 small pale-purple flowers are opposite the 

 leaves ; stamens all free; pouches divari- 

 cate, the lower ones often deflexed ob- 



long or elliptical, with flattish valves, and 

 a septum of two lamina?, crowned by the 

 short four-sided style; seeds numerous, 

 compressed, with broad margins. [J. T. S.j 

 SAVIN. Juniperus Sabina. 



.SAVIN-TREE. Ccesalpinia bijuga ; also 

 Fagara lentiscifolia. 



SAVONETTE-TREE. Pithecolobium mi- 

 cradenium. 



SAVONIER. (Fr.) Sapindus. — PA- 

 NICULE. Kiilreideria paniculata. 

 SAVONNIERE. (Fr.) Saponaria. 



SAVORY. Satureja. — , GARDEN or 

 SUMMER. Satureja hortensis. —.MOUN- 

 TAIN or WINTER. Satureja montana. 



SAVOY. Brassica oleracea bullatamajor, 

 a rough-leaved hardy winter cabbage. 

 SAWWORT. Serratula. 



SAXATILIS, OSUS, ICOLUS. Living 

 on rocks or stones. 



SAXE-GOTH^A. This coniferous genus 

 takes its name from a German title of the 

 late Prince Consort of England. The only 

 species, S.conspicua, is a native of Patago- 

 nia, where it forms a small tree having the 

 appearance of a yew ; though its botanical 

 relationship is with the juniper, its fruit 

 being what is called a galbulus, consisting 

 of the scales of the female cone consoli- 

 dated into a fleshy irregular mass, enclosing 

 a single nut-like seed. Its male inflores- 

 cence consists of a short spike or catkin of 

 two-celled anthers furnished with areflexed 

 appendage at tlieir apices. [A. S.J 



SAXIFRAGACEJE. An order of poly- 

 petalous dicotyledons, whose limits are as 

 yet far from being settled. Many botanists 

 would include in it all Calyciflorce with de- 

 finite starmens, a partially inferior ovary 

 with two or more distinct cells, and as 

 many distinct styles, many ovules, and al- 

 buminous seeds ; but several genera have 

 at various times been associated with it 

 which have exceptionally indefinite sta- 

 mens, consolidated styles, or seeds without 

 albumen. Taken, however, in the above- 

 mentioned general sense, it would include 

 the three following suborders :— 



1. Saxifragece proper : Herbs inhabiting 

 chiefly temperate or cold regions, with al- 

 ternate or. rarely opposite leaves, without 

 stipules, containing besides the large ge- 

 nus Saxifraga about twenty others, includ- 

 ing Chrysosplenium, Vahlia, Heuchera, &c. 



2. Hydrangea?, : Shrubs chiefly extratro- 

 pical, from Asia or America, with opposite 

 undivided leaves without stipules, com- 

 prising Hydrangea, Adamia, and about six 

 other genera. 



3. CunmuaceoB : Tropical or Southern 

 trees or shrubs, with opposite leaves and 

 interpetiolar stipules, containing about 

 twenty genera, of which the best known 

 are Weinmannia, Ceratopetalum, Acrophyl- 

 lum, Callicoma, Cunonia, &c. Besides 

 these Brexiacece, JSscalloniacew, Philadel- 

 phacece, and some others with consolidated 



