1027 



(Efje &rea£urj) at Matan#. 



[SCJEV 



: styles are often added as suborders to Saxi- 

 fr'agacece. See CtJXOXlACfiiE and Hydras- 

 ., gbacej:. 



| SAXIFRAGA. Under this name are in- 

 ! eluded those plants of the order Saxifra- 

 gacece which have five petals, and a two- 

 celled two-beaked many-seeded capsule. 

 The genus is a large one, containing up- 

 i wards of 150 species, most of which are 

 dwarf herbs with tufted foliage, and pa- 

 | nicies of white yellow or red flowers. Of 

 ; these twelve or more are natives of Britain, 

 and numerous others are cultivated either 

 ' as border plants or to decorate rockeries. 

 S. granulata, frequent in meadows and pas- 

 tures, is well marked by its clustered tubers, 

 glandular stems about a foot high, and 

 showy pure white flowers. S. umbrosa, well 

 known under the name of London Pride, 

 is abundant on the Irish mountains, as is 

 also S. Geum, an allied species. S. stellaris, 

 ; a small species with white flowers, is com- 

 mon on the margins of mountain-streams in 

 the North. S.aizoides grows in similar loca- 

 lities, and is distinguished by its panicled 

 yellow flowers spotted with orange. S. tri- 

 dactylites is a small plant with viscid stems, 

 and leaves which are generally tinged 

 with red, and small white flowers; it is 

 common on dry ground and wall-tops, and 

 I rarely exceeds the height of three inches. 

 \ S. hypnoides, frequent in rocky mountain- 

 ! ous situations and a very common garden 

 , plant, may be considered as the type of a 

 group which agree in having moss-like 

 ! tufted foliage and panicled white flowers ; 

 i as is S. oppositifolia of another group of 

 ; alpine species ■with purple flowers. Other 

 ; kinds, more or less resembling the above, 

 I abound in the alpine districts of both 

 hemispheres. French : Saxifrage ; German: 

 SUinbrech. [C. A. J.] 



SAXIFRAGE. Saxifraga. — , BURNET. 

 Pimpinella Saxifraga. —.GOLDEN. Cliry- 

 sosplenium. — , MEADOW. Seseli. — , 

 PE PPE R. Silaus pratensis. 



SAXIFRAGE DOREE. (Fr.) Chryso- 

 splenium. — TUBEREUSE. Sepias capensis. 



SAXO-FRIDERICIA. A handsome reed- 

 like plant from the marshes of the Savan- 

 nah, about Mount Roraima on the borders 

 of British Guiana, described by Schom- 

 burgk as a genus of Juncaceas allied to 

 Rapatea. It has long linear radical leaves, 

 and a tall scape, flattened and terminating 

 in a dense head of flowers as in Rapatea; 

 and the flowers have a nearly similar struc- 

 ture, except that each cell of the ovary and 

 capsule ims several ovules or seeds instead 

 of a single one. The flowers are al&o more 

 closely sessile in the head, and the leafy 

 bracts form a close spathe bursting late- 

 rally as the head protrudes. 



SAYAVER. (Fr.) Oldenlandia umbellata. 



SATERNE. (Fr.) A kind of Olive. 



SCAB. A noxious disease in potatos, in 

 consequence of which the tubers are deeply 

 pitted, the pits often producing an olive- 

 green dust, the spores of a species of Tu- 



burcinia. The quality of the potato does 

 not always suffer much injury, as by a 

 curious process a new growth is formed 

 beneath the scab, so that when boiled and 

 peeled the scabby appearance in great 

 measure vanishes. The saleable value is, 

 however, in all cases much diminished. 

 It is certainly more frequent where cinder- 

 dust has been used as manure, but it occurs 

 in poor scaly ground where no manure has 

 been applied. See Tuburcinia. [M. J. B.] 



~ SCABER, SCABROUS. Rough to the 

 touch. 



SCABIEUSE. (Fr.) Scabiosa arvensis. 

 — VEUVE. Scabiosa atropurpurea. 



SCABIOSA. A genus of herbaceous 

 plants with slender erect stalks, and ter- 

 minal heads of flowers which are often 

 radiated like those of the Composite, with 

 which they are indeed allied. They belong 

 to the Bipsacece, and are distinguished by 

 having a common scaly receptacle, and a 

 bristly calyx, which is permanent and 

 crowns the fruit. The most familiarly 

 known species perhaps is S. atropurpurea, 

 called Mournful Widow in cottage gardens, 

 where it is a favourite, and where it has 

 been so long in cultivation that its native 

 ! country is unknown. The Devil's Bit, S. 

 succisa, is common on heathy pastures, 

 j growing to the height of two feet or more, 

 i and distinguished by its proemorse fleshy 

 ! roots, ovate undivided leaves, and button- 

 like heads of purple flowers. Many of the 

 foreign species are ornamental. German : 

 i Skabiose. [C. A. J.J 



SCABIOUS. Scabiosa. — , SHEEP'S. 

 Jasione. 



SCABRID, SCABRIUSCULOUS. Slightly 

 rough to the touch. 



SCABRID^E. One of the Linnasan natu- 

 ral orders, comprising the figs, &c. 



SCABWORT. Inula Helenium. 



SCJEVOLACEvE. A name by which the 

 genus Scwvola, and some others with only 

 one ovule in each cell of the ovary, have 

 been distinguished from other Goodemacea:, 

 but they are not generally adopted as a 

 distinct order. 



SCEVOLA. The greater number of the 

 species of this the most extensive genus 

 of Goodeniacew are peculiar to Australia 

 and the Sandwich Islands. Two, however, 

 have a very wide geographical range, being 

 found growing on the seashores of Tro- 

 pical Asia, Western Africa from Senegal 

 to the Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius and 

 Madagascar, the West Indies, Mexico, and 

 the Pacific Islands. All are herbaceous 

 plants or small shrubs, with nearly always 

 alternate leaves, bearing in their axils 

 usually white or blue flowers, either solitary 

 or in racemes or cymes. They have a 

 superior fiye-lobed calyx ; a corolla split 

 open to the base on the upper side ; sta- 

 mens with unconnected anthers ; a one to 

 four-celled ovary with solitary ovules ; and 

 a stigma surrounded by a fringed cup. The 



