scal] 



K\)t ExtKBva)) at 23ctani). 



1028 



fruit is dry or fleshy, not opening at matu- 

 rity. 



8. Lobelia (alias S. Konigii and 8. Tac- 

 cada), the Taccada of India and Ceylon, is 

 one of the widely dispersed species, being 

 commonly found on the seashores of tro- 

 pical Asia and the islands of the Indian and 

 Pacific Oceans. It is an erect shrub from 

 two to five feet high, with a thick succu- 

 lent stem, full of pith when young but ulti- 

 mately becoming hard and woody, as also 

 do the branches. The pith of the young 

 stems and branches is beautifully fine and 

 white, and resembles that of the Rice- 

 paper plant, with which it has been con- 

 founded; but it is seldom obtainable in 

 pieces exceeding three-quarters of an inch 

 in thickness. It is much used by the 

 Malays and Siamese for making artificial 

 flowers, small figures, and other articles 

 used as decorations at feasts and on fes- 

 tivals. The young leaves are eaten as pot- 

 herbs. [A. S.] 



SCALARIFORM. Ladder-shaped; the 

 name of the tubes of vascular tissue found 

 in ferns. 



SCALD-BERRY. Rubus fruticosus. 



SCALDWEED. A name for Dodder. 



SCALES (adj. SCALY). Small rudimen- 

 tary close-pressed leaves, resembling mi- 

 nute scales. 



SCALLION. Allium ascalonicum majus. 



SCALPELLIFORM. Having the form 

 of a common penknife-blade, but planted 

 vertically on a branch. 



SCAMMONEE. (Pr.) Convolvulus Scam- 

 monla. — D'ALLEMAGNE. Calystegia 

 eepium. — D'AMKRIQUE. Batatas jalapa. 

 — DE MONTPELLIER. Cynanchum mons- 

 peliacum. 



SCAMMONT. A cathartic gum-resin ob- 

 tained from the root of Convolvulus Scam- 

 monia. — MONTPELLIER. A drug ob- 

 tained from Cynanchum monspeliacum and 

 its ally C. acutum. 



SCANDENS. Climbing-by whatever 

 means, except by twisting. 



SCANDIX. A genus of Umbellifercp, 

 known by its laterally compressed fruit 

 with a long beak, each half of it having 

 five equal blunt ridges, without vittae or 

 oil-vessels. The species are annual herbs, 

 natives of Europe and Eastern Asia. The 

 name is adopted from the Scandix of the 

 ancients, the designation of an unknown 

 edible plant. [G. D.] 



SCAPE. A long naked or nearly naked 

 peduncle, which rises up from the crown 

 of a root. 



SCAPEL. The eaulicle, or neck formed 

 between the root and cotyledon at the 

 time of germination. 



SCAPHIDIUM. A hollow case contain- 

 ing spores in algals. 



SCAPHIUM. The carina or keel of pa- 

 pilionaceous flowers. 



SCAPHIUM. The generic name given I 

 to a tree of Malacca previously known as 

 Sterculia Scaphium, but differing from most 

 species of Sterculia in the fifteen stamens 

 of the sterile flowers, and especially in 

 the singular boat-shaped follicular fruits, 

 which are papery in texture, and marked 

 with parallel nerves running from base to 

 apex. The follicle bursts early, leaving 

 fully exposed the solitary erect seed which 

 is attached to its base, and when fully 

 matured and dry is of an elliptical form and 

 deeply wrinkled. Mr.Hanbury, writing of 

 the seeds of this plant in the Pharmaceu- 

 tical Journal for July 1861, observes that 

 they have been imported into Prance as a 

 certain specific against diaiThcea and dys- 

 entery ; they have been tested, but no 

 good results have been obtained. When 

 macerated in water they swell enormously 

 in volume, forming a large gelatinous mass; 

 and this mucilaginous property gives a 

 value to the fruit in the eyes of the Siamese 

 and Chinese, in both which countries the 

 jelly is sweetened and used as a delicacy. 

 The Siamese names of the fruit are Boa- 

 tam-paijang and Bungtalai. The leaves of 

 the tree are smooth entire, oblong or ovate, 

 pointed at the apex, and rounded or heart- 

 shaped at the base. The flowers are imper- 

 fectly known. [A. A. B.] 



SCAPHYGLOTTIS. A small genus of Pe- 

 ruvian and Brazilian vandeous orchids re- 

 markable for their peculiar habit, the 

 greater number of the species having 

 slender straggling stems bearing narrow 

 pseudobulbs in the axils of the leaves. 

 Its little axillary flowers have connivent se- 

 pals, the lateral ones prolonged at the base 

 and connate with the foot of the column ; 

 similar but smaller petals; a narrow lip 

 continuous with the column but turned 

 up so as to be parallel with it ; a slightly 

 prolonged thin-edged column ; and four 

 rounded pollen-masses cohering in pairs, 

 and attached by narrow caudicles to a 

 broad gland. [A. S.] 



SCARIOUS. Having a thin dry shrivel- 

 led appearance, as the involucral leaves of 

 many species of Centaurea. 



SCARLET. The same as Coccineus. 



SCARLET-RUNNER. Phaseolus multir 

 florus. 



SCARLET-SEED. Temstrbmia obovalis, 

 and Lcetia Thamnia. 



SCAROLE, or ESCAROLE. Cichorium 

 Endivia latifolia. 



SCARRED. Marked by the scars left by 

 bodies that have fallen off. The stem, for 

 instance, is scarred at the points whence 

 leaves have fallen. 



SCATTERED. Dispersed : used in op- 

 position to whorled, opposite, ternate, or 

 similar terms. 



SCEAU DE NOTRE DAME, or DE LA 

 VIERCE. (Fr.) Tamus communis. — DE 

 SALOMON. Polygonatum offlcinale and 

 P. multiflorum. 



