SINC] 



®l)t Crtasurg of SSotang. 



1062 



burning. In France the leaves are used as 

 forage for cattle. It is a pity that in this 

 country no use is made of so common and 

 troublesome a weed. The leaves of S. 

 cernua are eaten in Japan, while the seeds 

 furnish an oil. S.juncea is cultivated for 

 ics oil, called in India Soorsa; it is used 

 for burning, and also for rubbing the body 

 in illness. Various other species are culti- 

 vated for their leaves or for the oil de- 

 rived from the seeds. Among them are— 

 S. chinensis, S. dichotoma, S. pelcinensis, S. 

 ramosa, and S. glauca. 8. nigra may be 

 discriminated by its lyrate leaves, the 

 upper ones entire; and the pods on short 

 stalks, smooth and pressed against the 

 stem : while in S. alba the pods are spread- 

 ing, very hairy, and terminated by a long 

 beak containing a single seed. The micro- 

 scopical structure of the skin of these 

 seeds is very curious, and has been de- 

 scribed by Dr. HassaH in his work on The 

 Adulteration of Food. Among the six-sided 

 cells constituting the outer skin of the 

 seed may be seen, according to this ob- 

 server, funnel-shaped cells penetrating 

 into the interior of the seed. S. nigra,wluch 

 grows some ten or twelve feet high in 

 Palestine, is regarded by some as the 

 Mustard of Scripture, in preference to 

 Salvadora. See Brassica and Diplo- 



TAXIS. [M. T. M.] 



SINCLAIRIA. A trailing Mexican bush 

 belonging to the Yemonia tribe of Com- 

 positaz, and closely related to Androma.chia, 

 from which the naked instead of frilled 

 receptacle serves to distinguish ; t. It 

 has opposite stalked elliptical leaves, and 

 the twigs terminate in panicles of nume- 

 rous yellow flower-heads; the ray-florets are 

 strap-shaped and pistil-bearing; the disk- 

 florets tubular and perfect, and the cylin- 

 drical-ribbed achenes are crowned with a 

 biserial pappus of tawny rough hairs. It 

 is named after Dr. A. Sinclair, R.N., a bota- 

 nist who collected largely in New Zealand, 

 and died there in 1861. [A. A. B.] 



SINDHOOKA, SINDTTYA. Indian names 

 for Vitex Negundo. 



SINDOC. An Indian name for Culila- 

 wan-bark. 



SINDUVARA. A Sanscrit name for Vi- 

 tex trifolia. 



SINISTRORSE. Twining to the left 

 hand ; a term usually confined to the stems 

 of plants. 



SINKFIELD. Potentilla. 



SINNINGIA. A small genus of Gesne- 

 racece inhabiting South America, and 

 named by Nees von Esenbeck in honour 

 of the curator of the Botanic Garden at 

 Bonn, M. Sinning. The Sinningias are suf- 

 fruticose plants with rather large fleshy 

 more or less ovate leaves, a bell-shaped 

 generally five-winged calyx, a flve-lobed 

 corolla the tube of which is variously in- 

 flated, five distinct glands surrounding 

 the ovary, and a mouth-shaped stigma. 

 They are closely allied uo the Ligerias (of 



which the old Gloxinia speciosa of the gar- 

 dens is the type), and are frequently met 

 with in hothouses. S. velutina may be re- 

 garded as the type of the genus. [B. S.J 



SINUATED. Having the margin alter- 

 nately uneven with deep concavities and 

 convexities. Sinuato-dentate is sinuated 

 and dentate at the same time. 



SINUS. The recesses formed when the 

 edge of any part is lobed. 



SIPHOCAMPYLUS. This name, derived 



from the Greek siphon 'a tube' and campirfos 

 'curved,' in allusion to the corolla, isusually 

 applied to a genus of tropical American 

 undershrubs of the family Lobeliacece. The 

 flowers in some of the species are placed 

 on solitary axillary stalks, while in others 

 they are aggregated into a dense raceme 

 or corymb. The corolla is tubular, with an 

 undivided tube which is dilated or curved, 

 rarely straight, its limb five-cleft and two- 

 lipped, the segments being of nearly equal 

 size; stamens five, inserted with the corolla 

 on to the upper part of the calyx-tube, two 

 or all of the anthers hairy or pointed at the 

 top; ovary partly inferior, two-celled; style 

 within the corolla; stigma divided into 

 two rounded lobes ; capsule two-valved. 

 The flowers are showy, of a scarlet or yel- 

 lowish hue. Several species are in -culti- 

 vation, S. micro stoma being one of the hand- 

 somest ; it has closely-packed corymbs of 

 rich crimson flowers. S. Caoutchouc is said 

 to be so named from the abundance of 

 viscid juice which it contains. [M. T. M.] 



SIPHONACANTHUS. A genus of Acan- 

 thacece, containing a few herbs, natives of 

 Brazil. It differs from Ruellia in having 

 a slightly swollen tubular corolla with a 

 short limb, a more fleshy fruit with fewer 

 seeds, and in the flowers being without 

 bracts, and arranged in a spicate manner 

 at the apex of the stem. [W. C] 



SIPHONANDRACE2E. An order of mo- 

 nopetalous dicotyledons proposed by 

 Klotzsch to include the Yacciniacece and 

 the tribes Arbutem and Andromedem of Eri- 

 caceae, a rearrangement which has not been 

 generally adopted. 



SIPHONANDRA. A genus of Vaccini- 

 acece comprising a Peruvian shrub, with 

 elliptic spine-pointed leaves, and clustered 

 flowers, whose diagnostic characters reside 

 in the anthers and filaments being all of 

 equal length, and especially in the long 

 tubular anthers, which equal the corolla 

 in length and open by two pores. The 

 name of the genus is expressive of this 

 peculiarity, being derived from siphon ' a 

 tube.' [M. T. M.] 



SIPHONANTHUS. A genus of Yerbe- 

 nacece, by some considered as only a sec- 

 tion of Clerodendron, containing those 

 species with a funnel-shaped corolla, very 

 long tube, and almost equal limb. [W, CJ 



SIPHONEiE. A natural order of green- 

 spored Algae, rooting or merely attached 

 by the base, with a simple or compound 



