1075 



Cfjc Crcas'ttni at botany. 



[spar 



plants were formerly placed in the order 



j Polygalacece. [A. A. B.] 



i SOULANGIA. A name under which 



| Brouguiart proposed to separate some 



species of Phylica as a distinct genus, but 



the characters given have not proved 



sufficiently constant for its adoption by 



subsequent botanists. 



SOULIER. 

 SOUM. A 



(Fr.) Cypripedium. 



negro name for Balanites 



A country name for the Crab 

 The fruit of Anona muri- 



cegyptiaca. 



SOURING, 

 apple. 



SOURSOP. 

 cata. 



SOURWOOD. Lyonia arborea. 



SOUSHUMBER. Solanum mammosum. 



SOUTHERNWOOD. Artemisia Abrota- 

 num. 



SOUVIENS-TOI DE MOI. (Fr.) Myo- 

 sotis palustris. 



SOW A. Anethum Sowa. 



SOWBANE. Chenopodium rubrum. 



SOWBREAD. Cyclamen europceum. 



SOWDWORT. Salsola Kali. 



SOWERB.EA. A genus of Liliacece con- 

 sisting of two Australian species, with 

 much of the appearance of Allium, but 

 without the odour of garlic or the bulb of 

 that genus. The root consists of a cluster 

 of fibres, emitting long narrow radical 

 leaves, and erect scapes bearing each a 

 dense head or umbel of pink flowers sur- 

 rounded by a few short bracts. They are 

 at once distinguished from those of Allium 

 by the stamens, of which three only bear 

 anthers, the other three being reduced to 

 short scales. Both species, S. juncea and 

 »S'. laxiflora, are occasionally to be found in 

 cultivation in our greenhouses. 



SOWTHI3TLE. Sonchus. 



SOY. A sauce originally prepared in the 

 East, and said to be produced from the 

 beans of Soja hispida. 



SOYEUSE. (Fr.) Asclepias syriaca. 



SOYMIDA Jebrifuga, the Rohunaof Hin- 

 dostan, is the sole representative of a genus 

 of Cedrelaxece, peculiar to the East Indies. 

 It is a useful tonic in intermittent fevers; 

 but Ainslie found that it deranged the ner- 

 vous system, occasioning vertigo and sub- 

 sequent stupor, if given beyond the extent 

 of four or five drachms in twenty-four 

 hours. It has been employed successfully 

 in India in bad cases of gangrene, and in 

 Great Britain in typhus-fever, and as an 

 astringent. It forms a tall tree, with wood 

 resembling mahogany, and a very bitter as- 

 tringent bark. On the Coromandel coast of 

 India it is known as the Redwood-tree. The 

 leaves are paripinnate, the panicles large, 

 and either axillary or terminal. Both calyx 

 and corolla are composed of five leaves, 

 and the capsule is woody, arid five-valved 



five-celled, each cell containing several 

 winged seeds. [B. S.] 



SPACHEA. A genus of tropical Ame- 

 rican trees or shrubs of the family Malpi- 

 gliiacece. The flowers are in terminal 

 racemes, and have a five-parted calyx, 

 whose segments are provided at the base 

 with two glands ; petals five, larger than 

 the calyx, bent backwards; stamens ten, 

 some of them abortive, the filaments com- 

 bined at the base into a hairy ring adnate 

 to the calyx ; fruit a woody drupe, with a 

 two-celled stone, and one seed in each 

 stone. [M.T.M.] 



SPADICEUS. Bright brown ; pure and 

 very clear brown. 



SPADIX. A branch or axis bearing nu- 

 merous closely-packed sessile flowers, and 

 inclosed in a spathe or spathes ; a spike 

 inclosed in a spathe. 



SP-ST'LUM. A North-west American 

 name for Lewisia rediviva. 

 SPAIRELLE. (Fr.) Spircea. 4 



SPALANTHUS confertus. The sole re- 

 presentative of a genus of Combretacece, 

 confined \o the Malayan Islands. It is a 

 glabrous shrub, with ovate oblong leaves' 

 without stipules, and terminal spikes of 

 sessile white flowers. The calyx has a 

 long tube, the corolla Bve petals ; the sta- 

 mens are ten in number, and the capsule 

 is large, and has five wings, and five one- 

 ; seeded cells. [B. S.] 



SPALLANZANIA. A Madagascar tree 

 forming a genus of Cinchonacece. The 

 flowers are in terminal corymbs ; the five 

 lobes into which the limb of the calyx is 

 divided are leafy ; the corolla is funnel- 

 shaped, with a long slender tube and 

 spreading five-lobed limb ; there are five 

 stamens attached to and projecting from 

 the throat of the corolla ; and the capsule 

 is crowned by the calyx-limb, two-celled, 

 dividing from above downwards into two 

 valves. The same name is synonymous 

 with Gustavia and Aremonia, two widely 

 different genera. [M. T. M.] 



SPAN. Nine inches, or the space be- 

 tween the thumb and little finger when 

 spread out. 



SPANISH DAGGER. A West Indian 

 name for Yucca aloifolia. 



SPANISH JUICE. The extract of the 

 root of the Liquorice, Glycyrrhiza glabra. 



SPANISH NEEDLES. A name given in 

 the West Indies to the fruits of a species 

 of Bldens. 



SPARASSIS. A fine genus of hyroeno- 

 niycetous Fungi, exactly intermediate ^ 

 regards form between the club-shaped 

 natural order Clavati on the one hand, 

 and the ear-shaped Auricularini on the 

 other, but in substance and natural affinity 

 really belonging to the former. It forms 

 large subhemispherical masses a foot or 

 I more in diameter, consisting of numerous 

 I plates, which fructify all round and re- 



