Crottles. It is employed by the Highland 

 ; peasants to prepare a brown dye which is 



much used for domestic purposes. Both 

 1 the dve and the lichen are called by the 



Shetlanders Scrottyle. [M. J. Bj 



| STANGERIA. A very remarkable genus 



| of Cycadeacece, quite distinct from any 



; other of the order in its fern-like foliage. 



I It is a Natal plant, with a thick napiform 



! trunk, a few coarse pinnate leaves, the 



i pinnae of which are oblong-lanceolate 



I spinuloso-serrate, and traversed by paral- 



I lei forked veins like those of a Lomaria. 



Staugeria paradcxa. 



The fructification is in cones, the male 

 cylindrical, with numerous stamens in- 

 serted on the under-side of its compound 

 scales; the females on separate plants, 

 ovoid, with two inverse ovules in the base 

 of each scale. The genus, of which only 

 one species (S. paradoxa, figured above) is 

 known, is closely related to Encephalartos 

 in structural characters, but differs re- 

 markably in habit and foliage. [T. M.] 



STANHOPEA. A most beautiful though 

 not very extensive genus of epiphytal 

 orchids belonging to the Tanda tribe. 

 About twenty-six species have been de- 

 scribed, natives of South and Central 

 America : one, S. grand/flora, being found 

 in Trinidad. They are pseudobulbous 

 herbs, with broad membranaceous plicate 

 leaves, radical sheathing often pendu- 

 lous scapes, and large spotted fragrant 

 flowers. The species may generally be 

 recognised by the lip being divided into 

 hypochil or lower cavity, mesochil or 

 middle part (from which the horns pro- 



| ceed), and epichil or front moveable lobe; 



| and by the pendulous flowers, with a 

 spreading or reflexed perianth. The genus 

 is named in honour of Earl Stanhope, who 

 was at one time President of the Medico- 

 Botanical Society of London. S. tigrina, 

 of wh'ch a figure is subjoined, together 

 with S. Barkeriana, Wardii, and Bucepha- 



lus, are amongst the finest species of this 

 genus. [W. B. HJ 



Stanhopea tigrina. 



STANHOPEASTRUM. An epiphytal ge- 

 nus of orchids belonging to the Vandece. 

 The only species at present known is 

 highly curious, and until lately has been 

 referred to Stanhopea; but it differs from 

 that genus in having a lip Quite free from 

 horns, and not divided into separate parts. 

 The lip is described as being ovate, obso- 

 letely triangular at the end, short, in 

 form resembling a slipper, very fleshy, of 

 a bright-yellow orange colour passing 

 towards the point into pure white, and 

 mottled on its sides with handsome purple 

 blotches. The remaining parts of the 

 flower are white, with purple spots near 

 the base of the petals. The flowers, which 

 grow in pairs, are large and showy. It is a 

 native of Central America. [W. B. H.] 



STANLETA. A genus of Cruciferw from 

 North-western America, consisting of 

 smooth glaucous perennials, with lyrate- 

 pinnatifid or entire leaves, and long ra- 

 cemes of yellow flowers. The pod is slender 

 cylindrical on a long stipe. [J. T. S.] 



STANMAR.CH. Smyrnium Olusatrum. 



STANNIA. A genus of Cinchonacece, 

 differing little from Posoqueria, save in 

 the one-celled berry. The corolla is fun- 

 nel-shaped, with a very long tube ; its' 

 limb divided into five lobes, opposite to 

 which are five scaly prominences: and the 

 stamens are of unequal length, and project 

 beyond the mouth of the corolla. S.for- 

 mosa, a native of the Caraccas, fs a fine 

 tree with lance-shaped laurel-like leaves, 

 and white fragrant flowers three to four 

 inches in length. It is in cultivation as a 

 highly ornamental stove-plant. [M. T. M.] 



STAPELIA. An extensive genus of 

 Asclepiadaeea?, containing upwards of 100 

 species of succulent branching plants 

 without leaves, natives of the Cape of 



