STYl/J 



HH)t Ercatfurg nf Statang. 



1108 



the style probably suggested the name of 

 the genus. [M. T. MJ 



STYLOPHORUM. Certain North Ame- 

 rican herbs of the family Papaveracece 

 have been comprised in a genus of this 

 name. They are described as having a 

 yellow juice, divided leaves, and yellow 

 somewhat corymbose flowers. The calyx 

 is of two hairy caducous sepals; petals 

 four ; stamens numerous ; ovary one-celled, 

 with three to four parietal placenta; ; style 

 column-like ; stigma three to four-lobed ; 

 fruit a capsule, bursting by three or four 

 valves. The genus derives its name from 

 the presence of a style surmounting the 

 ovary, a rare circumstance in the plants of 

 the poppy family. [M. T. M.] 



STYLOPODIUM. The double fleshy disk 

 from which the styles of umbellifers arise. 

 STYLOSANTHES. A genus of papilio- 

 naceous LeguminoscB, consisting of herbs 

 or undershrubs, usually covered with 

 sticky hairs, and natives of the tropics of 

 both hemispheres. The leaves have three 

 leaflets, and the flowers are grouped in 

 adense terminal or axillary spike, bearing 

 a number of bracts, in the axils of which 

 the flowers are placed either singly or in 

 pairs— if in pairs one of them frequently 

 imperfect. The flowers are polygamous : 

 the hermaphrodite ones are sterile, and 

 have a calyx with a long tube surmounted 

 by a two-lipped limb, a papilionaceous co- 

 rolla, and ten monadelphous stamens, 

 while the female flowers are fertile, and 

 have no calyx or corolla, but an erect 

 I ovary with two ovules, a short hooked 

 | style, and a thick stigma. The pod is 

 ! jointed, the lower joint occasionally empty, 

 I the upper terminated by the persistent 

 j style, whence the name of the genus. 

 The dimorphism of the flowers is curious. 

 Some of the species with yellow blossoms 

 I are grown in this country. [M. T. MJ 



STYLOSPORE. A name proposed by 



I the Tulasnes for the naked spores in such 

 i genera as Diplodia, Hendersonia, &c, in 

 consequence of their being produced at 

 the tips of short thread-like cells, or more 

 rarely on branched threads. If the dis- 

 tinction of spores and sporidia hold good 

 there is no necessity for the name, except 

 in connection with the theory that these 

 j genera are mere conditions of true as- 

 cieerous Fungi belonging to the genus 

 Spltccria and its allies. This theory is 

 founded on the fact that supposed species 

 of these genera often grow on the same 

 matrix with Sphceria, and are not distin- 

 guishable without microscopical examina- 

 tion ; that, as in the case of Sphceria 

 inquinans, the naked and inclosed spores 

 are produced on different parts of the 

 same thallus ; and that in some genera, as 

 in Ti/mpanis, naked spores and asci are 

 produced from the same hymenium. These 

 stylospores are regarded therefore as a 

 secondary kind of fruit, comparable with 

 the conidia of other Fungi, or the oidioid 

 spores of Erysiphe, though in that genus 

 stylospores of two kinds (or possibly 



stylospores and spermatia) are produced 

 as well as conidia. It is not supposed 

 that these stylospores have sexual func- 

 tions, as they are sometimes observed to 

 germinate, and in several Fungi spermatia 

 have been observed very similar to those 

 of lichens— as, for instance, in Valsa hy- 

 podermic/,. The cysts which inclose the 

 stylospores are called Pycnidia. [M. J. B.] 



STYLOSTEMON. An epigynous stamen. 



STYLOTEGIUM. The coronal or orbi- 

 cular mass which forms part of the an- 

 drceceuni of such asclepiads as Stapelia. 



STYPANDRA. A genus of Liliacece 

 from Southern Australia, consisting of 

 perennial herbs, with creeping rhizomes, 

 and li near-en siform leaves. The flowers 

 are blue or whitish, on pedicels articulated 

 with the perianth, paniculate-corymbose ; 

 the perianth is six-parted, with equal 

 spreading segments ; the stamens six, 

 with curved filaments, bearded at the apex ; 

 the capsule subglobose, three-celled ; the 

 seeds few oval smooth,without a strophiole 

 at the hilum. [J. T. S.] 



STYPHELIA. A genus of Epacridacece, 

 distinguished by having a five-parted ca- 

 lyx, surrounded by a few bracts ; sjn 

 elongated tubular corolla, the segments of 

 the limb bearded and revolute ; stamens 

 longer than the tube, with oblong-linear 

 anthers ; and a five-celled nearly dry seed- 

 vessel containing a single seed. They are 

 harsh erect shrubby plants, natives of 

 New South Wales and Tasmania, with 

 scattered oblong or lanceolate sharp- 

 pointed leaves on short footstalks ; and 

 the flowers generally axillary, drooping, 

 red or green. [R. H.] 



STYPHNOLOBIUM. A genus of papi- 

 lionaceous Leguminosce, represented by a 

 tree, with unequally pinnate leaves, and 

 flowers in terminal racemes or panicles ; 

 calyx five-toothed ; vexillum rounded re- 

 flected, scarcely larger than the wings ; 

 keel blunt, as long as the wings ; stamens 

 ten, monadelphous or distinct ; ovary 

 stalked ; style filiform, curved ; pod moni- 

 liform fleshy indehiscent many-seeded, 

 the seeds encircled by austere pulp, whence 

 the name of the genus, from the Greek 

 stuphnos 'astringent.' The pulp of the 

 fruit of S. japonica yields a yellow dye. 

 This tree, which is better known as Sophora 

 japonica, thrives well in this country. A 

 fine example of it may be seen growing in 

 the Oxford Botanic Garden. f_M. T. M.] 



STYPTIC. Astringent. 



STYRACACE^E. (Symplocacecs, Symplo- 

 cinece, Halesiacece, Storaxworts.) An order 

 of dicotyledons connecting in some mea- 

 sure Monopetalce with Polypetaicc, but 

 usually classed with the former. It con- 

 sists of trees or shrubs, chiefly tropical, a 

 very few being found in North America. 

 They have alternate undivided leaves with- 

 out stipules, and solitary clustered or pa- 

 niculate flowers, often white and usually 

 axillary. The calyx is free or more or less 



