1109 



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[succ 



adherent, with four or five teeth ; the 

 corolla consists of as many divisions or 

 petals, often only cohering by their adhe- 

 sion to the stamina! ring ; stamens defi- 

 nite or indefinite, inserted on or adhering 

 to the base of the corolla ; ovary superior 

 or more or less inferior, with two or more 

 ovules in each cell ; fruit drupaceous, 

 with one or few seeds containing a slender 

 embryo in the midst of albumen. The 

 two principal genera, Symplocos and Styrax, 

 are considered by some botanists as types 

 of two distinct orders, but are more gene- 

 rally regarded as tribes only of Styracacece. 

 Among the smaller genera Halesia, or the 

 American Snowdrop-tree, is the online of 

 general interest. 



nus of the 



s and«rubs, 



AmeriflT The 



d with 



arewhite, 



shaped, five- 



d, longer than 



STYRAX. The typical, 

 Styracacece, consisting of 

 natives of Asia and No; 

 leaves are entire, frequ 

 star-shaped hairs; and t~ 

 in racemes. The calyx 

 toothed ; corolla five-pal 

 the calyx ; stamens ten, w adherent to the 

 base of the petals, filaments cohering be- 

 low, distinct above ; ovary partially three- 

 celled ; fruit globose, adnate to the base of 

 the persistent calyx, one-celled one-seeded. 



S. officinale, a native of the Levant, &c, 

 yields a balsamic resinous substance known 

 as Storax, and which is obtained by strip- 

 ping off pieces of the bark of the shrub, 

 and submitting tbem to pressure. In this 

 way liquid storax is obtained : solid storax 

 appears to be the same substance mixed 

 with fine sawdust and dried. Storax is 

 used by perfumers on account of its agree- 

 able odour, and it is employed in medicine 

 as a stimulating expectorant. 



S. Benzoin, a native of Sumatra, Borneo, 

 &c, yields the resin called Benzoin. In- 

 cisions are made into the tree, the juice 

 exudes, dries, and the dried mass is re- 

 moved by a knife or chisel. Each tree 

 yields annually about three pounds of 

 benzoin, that which is formed during the 

 first three years being of better quality 

 than that which exudes subsequently. 

 Benzoin is employed medicinally in chronic 

 pulmonary disorders, and also by perfumers 

 for various purposes. It is used in Roman 

 Catholic churches in the composition of in- 

 cense. Other species, besides those just 

 mentioned, yield a fragrant resin. Some of 

 the kinds are grown in this country, their 

 pure white flowers rendering them very 

 ornamental in shrubberies. [M. T. M.] 



SU.EDA. The plants belonging to this 

 genus of ChenopodAacece- grow only on sea- 

 shores, or in saline plains and other places 

 where the soil is impregnated with salt. 

 They are almost exclusively confined to the 

 temperate and tropical regions of the 

 Northern Hemisphere, very few being 

 found in the Southern. They are smooth 

 or downy herbaceous or more frequently 

 shrubby plants, with alternate somewhat 

 tapering fleshy stalkless leaves, bearing 

 solitary or clustered stalkless or short- 

 stalked usually perfect flowers in their 

 axils. Their fruits, called utricles, are 



enclosed in the slightly enlarged or in- 

 flated berry-like calyx, but do not adhere 

 j to it. S.fruticosa alias Chenopodium fruti- 

 ] cosum, or Salsola fruticosa, is one of our 

 i rarer British species; but it is very common 

 in the warmer parts of Europe, and also in 

 I Northern Africa and 'Western Asia. It is 

 j a shrubby erect branching evergreen pe- 

 rennial plant, from two to three feet high, 

 with thick and succulent semicylindrical 

 [ bluntish pale green leaves, and small 

 I stalkless flowers, either solitary or two or 

 three together. In England it is found 

 only on some parts of the eastern and 

 southern coasts. It is one of the plants 

 burned in Southern Europe for the manu- 

 facture of barilla. [A. S.] 



SUB. In composition usually = some- 

 what ; as sub-rotvnd, somewhat round ; or 

 sub-globose, approaching the globular form. 

 Also nearly; as sub-insipidus, nearly in- 

 sipid. 



SUBARBORESCENT. Having a some- 

 what tree-like aspect. 

 I STTBER (adj. SUBEROSE). Cork. The 

 i epiphlceum of bark, when it acquires an 

 elastic soft texture, and is pretematurally 

 enlarged. 



STJBER. Quercus Suber, the Cork-tree. 



STJBJEE. An Indian name for the leaves 

 or capsules of the Indian Hemp. 



SUBMERSED. Buried beneath water. 



SUBMARGINAL. Situated near the 

 margin. 



| SUBORDER. One of the minor groups 

 j into which Natural Orders are divided ; as 



the Papilionacece and Mimosex of the order 



Leguminosai. 

 j SUBRAMEAL. Growing on a branch 

 j below a leaf. 



1 SUBRAMOSE. Having a slight tendency 

 , to branch. 



SUBROSEUS. Having something, of a 



rose-colour. 



I SUBULARIA. A minute stemless aqua- 

 tic annual belonging to the order Cruciferw, 

 common in ditches lakes and streams 

 which have a sandy or gravelly bottom, in 

 most of the colder countries of Europe. 

 The whole plant consists merely of a tuft 

 of white fibrous roots, a few very narrow 

 awl-shaped leaves about an inch loner, and 

 a leafless stalk two inches high, bearing a 

 few scattered small white flowers which 

 expand and ripen their seeds under water. 

 ,S'. aqnatica, or Awlwort, the only species, 

 is indigenous to Scotland and the North of 

 England and Ireland. French : Subulaire; 

 German : Wasserpfriemen. [C. A. J.] 



SUBULATE, SUBULIPORM. Awl- 

 shaped ; linear, very narrow, tapering to a 

 very fine point from a broadish base. 



SUBULI. The acicute or sharp processes 

 formed by some fungals. 



SUCCISE. (Pr.) Scabiosa succisa. 



