stna] 



€\)z Erea^urg at ISotauw. 



1116 



aner 'stamen,' in allusion to the union 

 of the anthers. [G. D.J 



SYNANTHERiE. Another name for the 

 Composites. 



SYNANTHEROUS. Having the anthers 

 growing together. 



SYNAPHEA. A proteaceous genus of a 

 remarkably rigid character, distinguished 

 by having a four-cleft gaping tubular ca- 

 lyx ; four stamens, one of which is sterile, 

 shorter than the tube, inserted on the 

 lower part of each of the segments of the 

 calyx ; a style, which is curved, thickened 

 at the upper part, with an oblique dilated 

 stigma united to the sterile stamen ; and 

 an obovate downy nut. It consists of 

 South-west Australian stemless shrubs, 

 with lobed coarse leathery leaves, and 

 yellow flowers in axillary or terminal 

 spikes. [R. HJ 



SYJSTAPISMA. A genus of Euphorbiacece, 

 represented by a shrub, native of New 

 Caledonia. The leaves are entire and 

 acuminate ; the male flowers in axillary 

 and terminal catkins, the females in loose 

 pendulous racemes. The calyx has five 

 convolute leaves, surrounding a column 

 consisting of ten to fifteen stamens united 

 together, and having at the base five 

 glands. In the female flowers the calyx is 

 small, the ovary three-celled, surmounted 

 by a short three-cleft style ; and the fruit is 

 divided when ripe into three carpels, each 

 two-valved and one-seeded. [M. T. M.] 



SYJ5TCARPIUM. A fruit consisting of 

 many carpels consolidated and adhering to 

 a central receptacle or growing point, as 

 in Magnolia. 



SYNCARPOUS. Having a fruit whose 

 carpels are consolidated. 



SYNCLADEI. A section of mosses con- 

 taining only the natural order Sphagnei, in 

 which the branches are fasciculate ; and 

 the female flowcr,like that of pleurocarpous 

 mosses, occupies the place of a branch, or 

 is inserted in the axis of two or more 

 branches. As the fructification advances— 

 to use the words of Dr. Hooker, who has 

 admirably illustrated the genus . in his 

 Antarctic Flora— the receptacle elongates, 

 and the perichaHial leaves becoming se- 

 parated from one another, it presents the 

 appearance of a lateral branch. The an- 

 theridia are found at the clavate and 

 usually discoloured extremities of short 

 deflexed ramuli inserted singly amonest 

 the leaves. The bunches of branches, 

 which consist of three Ave or seven, are 

 spirally inserted, five fascicles constituting 

 a spiral. [M. J. BJ 



SYNDAW. Alchemilla vulgaris. 



SYNDESMIS. A small shrub consti- 

 tuting a genus of Anacardiacca?. The 

 leaves are entire; and the flowers in ter- 

 minal corymhs, with the calyx coloured, 

 the petals four to five, linear-lanceolate, 

 and four to five stamens, inserted with the 

 petals in the stalk-like thalamus supporting 



the ovary, their anthers cleft below. The 

 ovary is stalled, somewhat globose, with 

 one erect ovule; the style is lateral thread- 

 like, and the stigma simple. [M. T. M.J 



SYNEDRELLA. A small genus of Com- 

 positce, native of Tropical America; S. 

 nod'flora, which is a common weed of 

 cultivation, being also found sparingly in 

 India, though not indigenous there. It is 

 an annual, with opposite nettle-like tri- 

 nerved leaves, rough above and having 

 notched margins; and sessile flower-heads, 

 in clusters of four to five together in the 

 axils of the leaves, each head with an in- 

 volucre of chaff-like scales enclosing a 

 number of yellow florets— those of the 

 ray strap-shaped, with lacerate-winged 

 achenes, and a pappus of two awns ; those 

 of the disk tubular, with triangular wing- 

 less achenes, and a like pappus. [A. A. B.] 



SYNEDROUS. Growing on the angle of 

 a stem. 



SYNEMA. That part of the column of 

 an orchid which represents the filament of 

 the stamens. 



SYNGENESIOUS. Having the anthers 

 united at their edges, so as to form a 

 tube. 



SYNGONIUM. A genus of tropical Ame- 

 rican herbs, of the family Aracew. The 

 rootstock is scandent, and sends up pe- 

 dately-divided leaves, and short flower- 

 stalks terminated by a greenish-yellow 

 spathe encircling the spadix, which is 

 wholly covered with flowers. Above are 

 four or five two-celled anthers opening by 

 pores ; and below them several ovaries 

 fused together, each having a single cavity 

 with a single seed. S. auritum is in culti- 

 vation. [M. T. M.] 



SYNGRAMMA. A genus of hemionitoid 

 ferns, distinguished in the group with net- 

 ted naked sori,by havingtheprimary veins 

 parallel forked, and the venules sparingly 

 reticulated towards the margin. The spe- 

 cies have simple or pinnate fronds, and 

 are entirely Eastern and tropical. [T. MJ 



SYNNEMA. A genus of Scrophulariacece, 

 containing a single species, a lowly-branch- 

 ing pilose herb from Burmah. It has op- 

 posite sessile lanceolate leaves, semipin- 

 natifid below, but becoming more simple 

 upwards. The calyx is five parted ; the 

 galea of the corolla falcate ; the didyna- 

 mous stamens placed under the galea, the 

 filaments having dilated membranaceous 

 ■bases ; and the anthers sagittate, with two 

 nearly equal cells ; the entire style with a 

 minute stigmatic surface; and the seeds 

 numerous. [W. C] 



SYNKOTIA. A group of iridaceous 

 plants now usually referred to Gladiolus. 

 The perianth is six-parted and somewhat 

 two-lipped, gaping ; the spathes two-valved 

 membranaceous torn ; the stigmas three, 

 dilated at the apex, fimbriate spreading 

 and recurved; the seeds globose and shin- 

 ing. [T. M.] 



