They are eaten by cattle with advantage, 

 also" by rabbits. Schoolboys collect the 

 leaves as a food for silkworms, when mul- 

 ; berry-leaves cannot be obtained ; both 

 i contain a milky juice. The rhizomes may 

 | be used in the same manner as chicory. 

 The bright-yellow flowers of this plant 

 open in the morning between Ave and six 

 . o'clock, and close in the evening between 

 eight and nine— hence this was one of the 

 plants selected by Linnasus to form his flo- 

 ral clock. Is there any connection between 

 this fact and the childish trick of guessing 

 the hour by the number of tufts left on 

 : the receptacle after a vigorous attempt to 

 remove them by blowing them off? The 

 generic name is possibly derived from the 

 Greek taraxo, ' I have excited' or 'caused,' 

 and achos 'pain,' in allusion to the medi- 

 cinal effects of the plant. 

 ! The genus is included among the ciclio- 

 raceous group of the composite family, on 

 account of its strap-shaped flowers, and of 

 the milky juice by which the whole plant 

 is permeated. [M. T. II.] 



TARCHOXAXTHTTS. The name of a 

 genus of Compositce, consisting of Cape 

 shrubs, with the flower-heads disposed in 

 terminal panicles, or solitary in the axils 

 of the leaves. The flowers are unisexual 

 and dioecious, surrounded by an involucre 

 of five scales, arranged in one row. The 

 corollas are tubular, somewhat bell-shaped 

 five-toothed, hairy outside and smooth 

 within. In the male flowers the anthers 

 are provided with two hairs at the base, 

 while in the centre of the flower is a glan- 

 dular nectary simulating the ovary ; the 

 females are surrounded by an involucre 

 having a double row of bracts, many in 

 number, and not combined together in any 

 degree, as is the case with the bracts of 

 the male flowers ; there is no nectary ; the 

 ; fruit is very hairy and destitute of pappus. 

 j One or two species with purple flowers 

 | are grown in this country [M. T. M.] 

 | TARE. The Common Vetch, Vicia sativa; 

 : also Ervum. — , TINE. Lathyri^tuberosus. 



i TARFA. An Arab name for Tamarix 



' orientalis. 



TARGIONIACE2E. One of the suborders 

 of March antiacece. 



TARGIOXIA. A genus of liverworts 

 belonging to the suborder Targioniaceaz, of 

 the natural order Marchantiacece, in which 

 the capsule is solitary and sessile. The 

 frond resembles that of Marchantia, is 

 porous above, and has a central rib, and is 

 clothed below, where it is generally of a 

 dark-purple, with scales and rootlets. There 

 is a bivalvate general involucre, without 

 any proper perianth, containing about four 

 archegoiiia, of which one only is impreg- 

 nated, the membrane of the archegonium 

 adhering closely to the capsule. The spe- 

 cies belong chiefly to warm countries. One 

 only occurs in Great Britain, and this prin- 

 cipally in the eastern counties on mossy 

 banks ; it is very abundant in the South 

 of Europe, where it is generally accom- 

 panied by Lunularia. [31. J. B.] 



TARGOLA. An Indian name for tin 

 fruit of the Palmyra Palm, Borassus flabel- 

 liformis. 



TARI. The sap of Phamix sylvestris, 

 which is drunk in India either fresh or 

 fermented. 



TARO. The tuberous roots of Caladium 

 esculentum. 



j TARRA. The name in Lima for the 

 I pods of Coulteria tinctoria. 



i TARRAGON. Artemisia Dracunculus. 



\ TARTAR-BREAD. Crambe tatarica. 



! TARTAREOUS. Having a rough crum- 

 bling surface, like the thallus of some 



; lichens. 



TARTARIAN LAMB. Cibotium Baro- 

 metz. 



j TARTON-RAIRE. (Fr.) Daphne Tarton- 

 • raira. 



I TARUMA. A South Brazilian name for 

 ; the bark of Vitex Taruma. 



1 TASCO. A Spanish name for the refuse 

 of flax ; the toppings of hemp. 



! TASMANNIA. A genus of Hagnoliacew, 

 consisting of one Tasmauian and two 

 Australian species, named in honour of 

 the Dutch navigator Tasmann, the dis- 

 coverer of the island now called Tasmania, 

 or Van Diemen's Land, an important British 

 colony. The genus is closely allied to Dri- 

 mys, but distinguished from it by a por- 

 tion of its flowers being unisexual, the 

 two sexes being borne on different plants, 

 and by the ovary consisting of a single 



I carpel. All three are shrubs, and have 

 simple entire smooth and leathery ever- 

 green dotted leaves, scattered on the 

 branches; and inconspicuous flowers crowd- 

 ed togetherin theaxilsof theupper leaves, 

 or terminal, producing little unope^iug 



Tasmannia aromatica. 



I fruits containing several shining black 



I seeds. The flowers have two sepals arid 



two to five petals, all deciduous ; numerous 



I stamens, with their anthers directed out- 



