term] 



&l)t CwaSurj) cf asatatig. 



1132 



TERMINAL. Proceeding from the end. 



TERMINALIACE2E. Combretacece. 



TERMINALIA. The typical genus of 

 the division of Combretacece characterised 

 by the flowers having no petals, and the 

 cotyledons being rolled round each other. 

 It contains a considerable number of spe- 

 cies, large trees or shrubs, dispersed over 

 the tropics of both hemispheres. Most 

 of the species have the leaves, which are 

 alternate and entire, clustered towards the 

 points of the branches, the slender flower- 

 spikes growing from their axils and bear- 

 ing perfect flowers at the bottom and male 

 ones above, the former producing one- 

 seeded hard-stoned fruits called drupes, 

 which are either flattened and have the 

 two edges attenuated or winged, or are 

 egg-shaped without wings or obscurely 

 angled, not surrounded by five or more 

 longitudinal wings like those of the very 

 closely allied genus Pentaptera. ■ Their 

 flowers have a five-cut bell-shaped calyx- 

 limb, no petals, ten stamens in a double 

 row, and a slender style ending in a sharp- 

 ish stigma. 



The astringent fruits of several species 

 of this genus have long been employed for 

 tanning and dyeing purposes by the na- 

 tives of India ; and are now brought to 

 this country in considerable quantities, 

 under the name of Myrobalans, and used 

 chiefly by calico-printers for the produc- 

 tion of a permanent black. The principal 

 kinds of Myrobalan are the Chebulic, the 

 produce of T. Chebula, which are smooth 

 and oval; and the Belleric, T. Bellerica, 

 obscurely five-angled, and covered with 

 greyish silky down. The seeds of T. Ccv- 

 tappa are like almonds in shape and white- 

 ness, but though palatable they have none 

 of their peculiar flavour. [A. S.] 



TERMINOLOGY. That part of Botany 

 which teaches the meaning of technical 

 terms. 



TERNARY, TERNATE. When three 

 things are in opposition round a common 

 axis ; a whorl of three. 



TERNATO-PINNATE. When the se- 

 condary petioles, on the sides of which the 

 leaflets are attached, proceed in threes 

 from the summit of a common petiole. 



TERMOLA. A genus of Podostemacece, 

 consisting of small plants resembling the 

 species of Jungermannia. They are na- 

 tives of India and Ceylon, and have a leaf- 

 like rootstock, whence proceed a number 

 of linear entire sessile leaves— those on 

 the flower-stalk united together into a 

 tube around the flower, which has three 

 stamens, and as many carpels. [M. T. MJ 



TERNSTROMIACE.E. An order of poly- 

 petalous dicotyledons, consisting of trees 

 or shrubs, chiefly tropical, and many of 

 them of great beauty, which, like the 

 Clnsiacece (Guttiferce), have imbricated se- 

 pals and petals, indefinite hypogynous 

 stamens, and a free ovary divided into 

 cells with the placentas in the axis; but 



differ from that order generally in their 

 alternate leaves, hermaphrodite flowers, 

 and usually curved embryo, much less 

 fleshy, and often enveloped in albumen. 

 These characters have, however, several 

 exceptions, and the precise line between 

 Temstrbmiacece and Clusiaceece is difficult 

 to trace. 



The order has been divided by Choisy 

 into two sections, Temstrbmiacece and Ca- 

 melllacece, upon characters which have not 

 proved sufficiently correct; and, on the 

 other hand, it has been recently enlarged 

 by the addition of Rhizobolacew and Marc- 

 graviacece. It is now divided into the fol- 

 lowing six tribes:— 1. Rhizobolece, with di- 

 gitately compound leaves, and the embryo 

 either folded lengthways or spirally 

 twisted, comprising the two American 

 genera Caryocar and Antlwdisciis : see 

 Rhizobolacew. 2. Marcgraviece ; climb- 

 ers or epiphytes, with the flowers in 

 racemes, usually intermixed with hood- 

 shaped or variously deformed bracts, and 

 numerous small seeds without albumen. 

 They consist of the three American genera, 

 Marcgravia, Norantea, and Ruyschia I see 

 Marcgraviacew. 3. Ternstrbmiece: erect 

 trees or shrubs, with entire leaves, inde- 

 hiscent fruit, and few albuminous seeds, 

 with a curved embryo. They include eight 

 genera from both the New and the Old 

 World, of which Temstrbmia, Freziera, 

 and Eurya are the most important. 4. 

 Sauraujece : differing from Ternstrbmiece 

 chiefly in their numerous small seeds, 

 with a more abundant albumen. To these 

 belong Saurauja, from the New and the 

 Old World, and two small Asiatic genera. 

 5. Gordoniece : differing from Ternstrbmiece 

 in their anthers being versatile and not 

 erect, and usually in their capsule 

 opening loculicidally, their straighter em- 

 bryo, and rarer albumen. They include 

 Stuartia, Camellia, Gordonia, and six other 

 genera. And 6. Bomietiecc : distinguished 

 by the septicidal dehiscence of their cap- 

 sule.as well as by the petals being contorted 

 in the bud, not imbricate as in the other 

 tribes. They are all American, with the 

 exception of one species, and comprise 

 Bonnetia, Kielmeyera, and five other genera. 



TERNSTROMIA. The representative of 

 the natural order Temstrbmiacece; and a 

 genus comprising about twenty-five spe- 

 cies, inhabiting Tropical Asia and America, 

 where they form evergreen ornamental 

 shrubs or trees. Their leaves are coria- 

 ceous entire or serrato-crenate ; their 

 flowers are axillary nodding, generally 

 solitary, and either white or more or less 

 pink ; the calyx consists of five sepals, 

 highly imbricate; the corolla of five pe- 

 tals ; the stamens are numerous ; the 

 stigma is sessile or on a short style, and 

 either two to three-lobed or entire. The 

 fruit is indehiscent, and contains larpish 

 seeds. Their uses are unknown. [B. S.] 



TERPNOPHYLLUM. This name, sig- 

 nifying ' beautiful leaf,' is applied to a tree 

 forming a genus of Clusiacece. The young 

 leaves are of a beautiful red colour, while 



