TILl] 



dTTje ErsaSurg of 3Sotan». 



1152 



musical Instrument-makers for sounding- 

 boards. The tough inner bark, called Bass 

 or Bast, is the material of which the Rus- 

 sian mats used by gardeners and up- 

 holsterers are made ; and the Russian pea- 

 sants make shoes, ropes, nets, and other 

 articles of it. The sap yields sugar, and 

 the flowers an abundance of honey, of 

 which bees are excessively fond. [A. SJ 



TILIACORA. Drs. Hooker and Thomson 

 write of this genus of Menispermaeece as 

 one easily distinguishable from the rest of 

 the tribe Coccalew, by the mottled albumen 

 of the seeds, and the numerous ovaries. 

 The species are climbing shrubs, with 

 ovate-acuminate leaves, and yellowflowers 

 in axillary clusters. They are indigenous 

 throughout India and Java. [M. T. M.] 



TILL. The Lentil, Ervum Lens. 



TILL^A. A minute succulent plant 

 belonging to the Crassulacece, among 

 which it is distinguished by its three and 

 sometimes four-cleft flowers. It rarely 

 exceeds two inches in height, and bears 

 procumbent or ascending stems, with 

 opposite oblong blunt fleshy leaves, and 

 minute axillary flowers, of which the pe- 

 tals are white tipped with rose-colour. It 

 grows on moist barren heaths, principally 

 in the eastern counties of England, and 

 sometimes makes itself a troublesome 

 | weed in garden-walks. [C. A. J.] 



TILLANDSIA. A genus of Bromeliacece, 



consisting of tropical and extratropical 

 American herbaceous plants, growing fre- 

 quently on trees, and covered with scurfy 

 scales. The sepals are spirally twisted; 

 I the petals rolled into a tube below, con- 

 cealing the six hypogynous stamens; 

 ovules attached in two rows to the inner 

 angles of the three compartments of the 

 i 'vary, which latter is free, or detached 

 from the calyx. Fruit capsular, bursting 

 by three valves ; seeds surrounded by flue 

 hairs, by means of which they are diffused 

 and enabled to become deposited on the | 

 branches of trees. 



Some of these plants serve as reservoirs j 

 for water, which flows down the channelled , 

 leaves ; these are dilated at the base, so as i 

 to form a bottle-like cavity capable of con- 

 taining a pint or more. Travellers tap i 

 these vegetable pitchers for the sake of 

 the grateful fluid they contain. T. iitricu- 

 lata, a native of Jamaica, and many others I 

 have this desirable property of storing 

 water. Dr. Gardner, in his Travels in Brazil, \ 

 relates that a certain species of Utricularia | 

 grows only in the water collected in the [ 

 bottom of the leaves of a large Tillandsia. 

 The aquatic plant throws out runners, 

 which direct themselves to the nearest 

 Tillandsia, and there form new plants. In ; 

 this way no less than six Tillandsias may 

 sometimes be seen connected together. 



T. usneoides, a native of the West Indies, 

 the Southern States, and Ceutral America, 

 hangsdown from the trees like atuftof long 

 grey hair, much in the same way as certain 

 lichens I Usnea) do in European pine-forests. 

 The trees in some parts of Central America, 



have a strange gaunt appearance, from 

 the profusion of this plant growing from 

 their branches The plant is collected, and 

 steeped in water in order to remove the , 

 outer cellular portion, the fibrous part being ' 

 used in place of horsehair to stuff cushions, I 

 mattresses, &c. Powdered and mixed I 

 with lard, .the plant is medicinally employed 

 as an application to piles. T. recurvata is 

 used in a similar manner in Peru. Several 

 species are grown in Steves in this country, 

 as air-plants. Their flowers are white blue 

 purple or pink. [M. T MJ 



TILLEUL. (Fr.) Tilia. 



TILLY. The seed of Croton Pavana. 



TIL-SEED. The seeds of Sesamum ori- 

 entate and S. indicum. 



TIL-TREE. Tilia europcea. 



TIL-WOOD. The timber of Oreodaphne 

 fattens, which has an atrocious smell. 



TIMANDRA. A genus of Brazilian 

 shrubs of the family Euphorbiacece. The 

 species are much-branched, and have small 

 stipulate entire leaves, covered with star- 

 shaped hairs, and marked with pellucid 

 spots. The. flowers are monoecious : the 

 males in clusters, with a four-cleft bell- 

 shaped calyx, four petals, and eight sta- 

 mens; the females solitary, axillary, with 

 a five-parted calyx, no corolla, and a three- 

 lobed ovary with three divided stigmas. 

 Fruit capsular ; seeds three. [M. T. M.] 



TIMMIA. A fine genus of mosses, con- 

 sisting of two European species only, hav- 

 ing somewhat the habit of Polytriehum, hut 

 more closely allied to Mnmm. It differs 

 from other nearly related genera in the in- 

 ner peristome consisting of a transparent 

 membrane, divided more than halfway 

 into about sixty-four thread-shaped cilia, 

 at first more or less united at the apex. 

 T. austriaca. occurs in this country, though 

 rarely, and never with fruit. [M. J. BJ 



TIN. The Arabic name for the Fig. 

 TIKJE A intacta is the only known repre- 

 sentative of a genus of terrestrial orchids 

 spread over parts of Asia Africa and 

 Europe, including Ireland. Two peculia- 

 rities characterise the genus. The plate 

 seen between the anther-cells is not equi- 

 valent to the processus rostelaris of our 

 common European Ophrydew, but conies 

 nearer to that of the Babenariece of the 

 other continents. It bears the caudiculae 

 conjointly in two channels; and the 

 glandules are formed out of its own sub- 

 stance, so that there is either an impressed 

 aperture, or an aperture with an outward 

 slit. The second peculiarity is that the 

 shanks of the stigma, which alone are de- 

 veloped, have the shape of ,two semicylin- 

 drical erect elevations ; they are either 

 united or quite distinct. The lower Jip of 

 the rosrellum is undeveloped. The generic 

 name has been changed into Neotixea 

 (which see), because there is already a ge- 

 nus Tinea in zoology. T. intacta (or Neotinea 

 intacta) has many synonyms— among them 



