1153 



Srijc EreaSuvy of SSntam). 



[tith 



Aceras secimdiflom, Orchis intacta, and Pe- 

 ristyhts maculatus, the structure of the 

 flowers having been for a long time mis- 

 understood. The plant has a tuberous root, 

 a stem from two to twelve inches high, 

 three or four oblong leaves arranged iu a 

 rosette, and with brown spots on the upper 

 surface. The flowers are whitish and 

 spotted, very minute, and arranged in a 

 dense cylindrical spike. [B. S.] 



TINANTIA. The name of a Mexican 

 herbaceous plant, of somewhat shrubby 

 habit, which constitutes a genus of Nyc- 

 taginacece. The flowers are spiked, and 

 have a tubular or funnel-shaped perianth, 

 the lower part of which is persistent, 

 while the limb is plicated and deciduous; 

 the three to five stamens project from the 

 corolla; and the fruit is pendulous and 

 distended. [M. T. if.] 



TTNDER, GERMAN. The soft Amadou, 

 Polyporus fomentarius. 



TINE-TARE. Ervum hirsutum; also 

 Lathyrus tuberosus. 



TINGUY. A Brazilian name for the 

 leaves otMagonia pubescens and M.glabrata. 

 TINIER. (Fr.) Pinus Cembra. 



TINKAR'S-ROOT. The roots of Trios- 

 teum pe/foliatum. 



TINOSPORA. The species of this genus 

 of Menispermacece were formerly included 

 under Menispermum. They are all climb- 

 ing shrubs, natives of India, with thicken- 

 ed jointed leafstalks, and long axillary or 

 terminal clusters of flowers. The more 

 technical characters are the presence of 

 six free stamens in the male flowers, the 

 curved ovules, peltate albuminous seeds, 

 and spreading cotyledons. Dr. Thomson 

 thus remarks on the extreme vitality of 

 these plants : 'When the main trunk is cut 

 across or broken, a rootlet is speedily sent 

 down from above, which continues to grow 

 till it reaches the ground, and restores the 

 connection.' A bitter principle, columbine, 

 pervades the plants of this genus, many of 

 which have tonic and emetic properties. 

 An extract called Galuncha is prepared 

 from T. cordifolia and T. crispa. It is con- 

 sidered to be a specific for the bites of 

 poisonous insects and for ulcers. It is 

 administered as a diuretic and tonic in cases 

 of fever, and is also employed in snake- 

 bites. The young shoots of T. cordifolia are 

 used as emetics. [M. T. MJ 



TINTEREE. An Indian name for the 

 Tamarind-tree. 



TIPILIE. An Indian name for Long 

 Pepper 



TI-PLANT Cordyline Ti, which is doubt- 

 fully identified with Dracaena terminalis. 



TIPUANA. Three large Brazilian and 

 Bolivian trees have recently been separated 

 from Machcerium and formed into a genus 

 under this name, which is derived from 

 Tipu, the vernacular name of the Bolivian 

 species <T. speciosa) : one of the valleys of 



the province of Parana, where the best 

 pold is found, being also called Tipuana, 

 from the presence of these trees. It is , 

 distinguished from Machcerium by its I 

 flowers having the calyx top-shaped or 

 sharp towards the base instead of rounded, 

 and the petals smooth, not downy ; and 

 also by its pods containing frequently 

 two or three seeds in the lower swollen 

 part, separated from each other by woody | 

 partitions, and terminating upwards in i 

 a thin wing traversed by arched parallel I 

 veins, and having the thickened style j 

 along one edge of it. The three species j 

 have unequally pinnate leaves, with al- ; 

 ternate leaflets, and loose-branching ter- \ 

 minal panicles of showy yellow or pale- ; 

 purple flowers. T. heteroptera furnishes 

 a wood known to the timber-dealers at Rio 

 Janeiro by the name of Angelim. It is, 

 however, very scarce, being seldom met 

 with in the forests. The name Angelim is 

 likewise given by the Brazilians to several 

 species of Andira, a genus belonging to 

 the same tribe, Dalbergiea. [A. S.] 



TIPTJLARIA. A terrestrial genus of 

 orchids belonging to the Vandece. They 

 are herbs with tuberous roots, producing 

 small green blossoms tinged with purple, 

 in a many-flowered raceme; and a single 

 ovate plaited leaf, on a slender petiole, 

 after flowering. The sepals and petals are 

 spreading ; the lip prolonged below into 

 a slender ascending spur, about twice 

 the length of the flower, three-lobed ; the 

 middle lobe linear, as long as the petals, 

 the lateral lobes short and triangular. 

 Only one species is known, T. discolor, a 

 native of North America. The genus is , 

 named from the supposed resemblance of I 

 the flowers to insects belonging to the ge- 

 nus Tipula. [W. B. H.] 



TIRASSE. (Fr.) Polygonum aviculare. 



TIRESIAS. A synonym of (Edogonium, 

 which is worthy of being mentioned here, 

 because a species of Tiresias is one of the 

 Algce in which a spiral structure in the 

 cell-walls has been observed by Mr. Bower- 

 bank, like that in the well-known Conferva 

 Melagonium. [M. J. B.] 



TIRITE. Ischnosiphon Arouma. 



TISANE. A drink prepared in France 

 from the dried flowers of Malva sylvestris. 



TISI. An Indian name for Linseed. 



TISSUE. The material out of which 

 the elementary organs of plants are con- 

 structed. 



TITHONIA. A genus of Mexican pe- 

 rennials belonging to the Composite. The 

 leaves are triplinerved and serrate ; the 

 flower-heads solitary at the ends of the 

 branches, each surrounded by an involucre 

 consisting of two or three rows of scales, 

 furrowed within at the base, dilated and 

 leafy at the apex ; receptacle convex, with 

 numerous scales sheathing round the 

 fruits. The outer florets are strap-shaped 

 and neuter, the inner ones tubular five- 

 toothed and perfect. The stigmas are 



