1155 



&f)e Creatfurj) of Statang. 



[toon 



date, and other ralms. It forms a delicious 

 beverage when fresh, and is employed in 

 India by bakers, instead of yeast, in the 

 preparation of bread ; it is also exten- 

 sively distilled into a spirituous liquor 

 generally drunk by the natives, among 

 whom it is known by the name of Bowra. 



TODEA. A small genus of ferns related 



to Osmunda, and distinguished from it 



by their dorsal instead of panicled fructi- 



| fications. They occur in South Africa, 



! New Holland, and New Zealand, and form 



I two groups: one with coriaceous fronds 



] and dense lines of spore-cases; the other 



| with pellucid fronds and sparse lines 



' of spore-cases. The latter some botan- 



| ists separate under the name of Lep- 



topteris. They have an erect sometimes 



elongated caudex, and bipinnate fronds, 



[ which in the true Todeas, represented by T. 



j barbara alias africana, are thick and firm 



j in texture, and bear oblong or linear 



[ forked sori, crowded with spore-cases ; and 



! in the group Leptopteris are pellucid-mem- 



; branaceous, with oblong or linear oligocar- 



! pous sori. These latter are natives of 



New Zealand. The spore-cases, as in Os- 



; munda, are pedicellate, with a rudimentary 



ring, represented by a few parallel stria? 



near the apex, eventually bursting into 



| two equal hemispherical valves. [T. M.] 



TODS'-TAILS. A Scotch name for the 

 | common Highland Clubmosses. 



i TOFFS. The fragrant flowers of the 

 ■ North African Rhaponticum acaule. 



] TOFIELDIA. A genus of Melanthacece, 



; consisting of a few perennial plants, na- 



: tives of the colder parts of Europe, North 



| America, and the regions of the Andes. 



| The roots are somewhat tuberous, the 



leaves grass-like, and the flowers inconspi- 



! cuous in terminal clusters, each one with 



a six-parted perianth, surrounded by a 



three-parted involucre. The anthers are 



introrse, and the fruit three-celled and 



; dehiscent. T. palustris is found in boggy 



: places in the North of England, and in Scot- 



i land. Its leaves are in tufts close to the 



ground, and the flower-3tems bear a cluster 



, of small yellow blossoms. [31. T. M.] 



TOGGRY. Cajania indica. 



TOKO-PAT. An Assam name for Livi- 

 stona Jeakinsiana. 



TOL., (Fr.) A common name for seve- 

 ral kinds of Aloe. 



TOLILOLO. (Fr.) Mentha Pul eg mm. 

 TOLMENEER, or TOLMEINER. The 

 i Sweet William, Bianthus barbatus. 



TOLOSA-WOOD. Pittosporum bicolor. 



TOLPIS. A genus of favourite erarden 

 annuals, natives of the South of Europe, 

 belonging to the tribe Cichoracem of com- 

 pound flowers. They are marked by a 

 number of lnn^ awl-shaped bracta clothing 

 the flower-stalk and base of the involucre ; 

 and the pappus of the outer florets is 

 toothed that of the inner florets armed 



with two or four awns. T. barbata and 

 T. umbellata have yellow flower-heads with 

 a purple eye, and T. altissima has flower- 

 heads entirely yellow. [C. A.J.] 



TOMATE. (Fr.) Lycopersicum esculen- 

 turn. 



TOMATO. Lycopersicum esculentum. — , 

 CANNIBAL'S. Solarium anthropophagorum. 



TOM-BONTRIN'S-BUSH. Picromnia An- 

 tidesma. 



TOMENTOSE. Covered with dense 

 rather rigid short hairs, so as to be sen- 

 sibly perceptible to the touch. 



TOMENTUM. The down which produces 

 the tomentose character. 



TONALCHILE. (Fr.) Guinea-pepper. 



TONCHAT. Maranta Tonchat. 



TONGA-BEAN. Dipterix odorata; also 

 called Tonka-bean or Tonquin-bean. 



TONGA-BEAN WOOD. Alyxia buxifolia. 



TONGO. A Pacific Island name for the 

 Mangrove. 



TONGUEA. Pachypodium. 



I TONGUE-SHAPED. Long, fleshy, plano- 

 j convex, obtuse; as the leaves of some 

 Aloes. 



TONTELEA. A genus of Eippocra- 

 teacw, consisting of tropical American 

 shrubs or small trees, with opposite short- 

 stalked entire or serrated leaves, and 

 panicles of greenish or yellowish flowers, 

 the stamens of which, like those of Hip- 

 pocratea, have single-celled anthers burst- 

 ing transversely— the genus being thus 

 distinguished from Salacia, which has 

 double-celled anthers bursting: longitudi- 

 nally. From Hippocratea it differs in the 

 character of the fruit , that of Tontelea 

 being a fleshy two or three-celled roundish 

 berry, containing a solitary wingless seed, 

 covered with pulp, in each cell ; while that 

 of Hippocratea consists of several separate 

 pieces, each of which splits open when 

 ripe, and contains usually several winged 

 seeds. 



The berries of T. scabra, the Guiana spe- 

 cies, are edible, as also are those of several 

 Brazilian species called. Sap uta by the in- 

 habitants; they are sweet and mucilagi- 

 nous. The "West African plant with a large 

 richly flavoured fruit, called Tuntelea pyri- 

 fnrmis by some authors, is a species of 

 Salacia. [A. S.] 



TOOL A-LODH. A Bengalee name for the 

 bark of Wendlandia tinctoria. 



TOOLSI, TULASI. Indian names for 

 species of Basil. 



TOOMA. A species of Mimosa used for 

 tanning in India. 



TOOMBIKAI. An Indian name for the 

 fruit of Dlospyros Embryopteris. 



TOON, TOONA. Indian names for the 

 Toon-tree, C'edrela Toona. 



