(£Ije STreaStto of Statang, 



1158 



ropceum. — EN DRAPEAUX. A dye ob- 

 tained from Grozophora tinctoria. — , NAIN. 

 A species of Budbeckia. 



TOURRETIA. A weedy creeper found 

 in most parts of Tropical America, and 

 belonging to the Pedaliacem rather than 

 the Bignmiiacece, with which it has some- 

 times been associated. We only know one 

 species, T. lappacea, so called from its fruit 

 somewhat resembling the flower-heads 

 of Lappa. It has a quadrangular climbing 

 stem, opposite ternate leaves (.the petioles 

 of which gradually merge into tendrils), 

 and racemose flowers, resembling those of 

 Castilleja vulgaris, having scarlet bracts. 

 The calyx is two-parted, the corolla irregu- 

 lar and tubular, the stamens didynamous, 

 and the capsule covered with spines, two- 

 celled, opening with two valves, whilst the 

 seeds are numerous and winged. [B. S.] 



TOURRETTE. (Fr.) The name of seve- 

 ral species of Arabia. 



TOUS-LES-MOIS. A kind of arrowroot 

 obtained from the tubers of some species 

 of South American Canna—C. glauca, C. 

 coccinea, G. Achiras, and C. edulis; the 

 latter, a native of Peru, is believed to fur- 

 nish the chief portion of that sold in the 

 shops. 



TOUT-BLANC. (Fr.) Narcissus polyan- 

 thos. 



TOUTE-BONNE. (Fr.) Blitum Bonus- 

 Renricus', also Salvia Sclarea. — DES 

 PRES. Salvia pratensis. 



TOUTE-EPICE. (Fr.) The seeds of 

 Nigella saMva ; also the berries of Eugenia 

 Pimento.. 



TOUTE-SAINE. (Fr.) Hypericum An- 

 droscemum, 



TOUT- VEND. (Fr.) Senecio vulgaris. 



TOUZELLE. (Fr.) A Triticum. 



TOVARIA. The name of a Peruvian 

 herb, forming a genus of Capparidaceoe. 



The leaves are ternate ; the flowers grow 

 in a terminal drooping cluster, having a 

 calyx of eight overlapping sepals , eight 

 petals, inserted on the margin of a convex 

 receptacle, their stalks densely hairy, 

 eight stamens ; a sessile ovary with eight 

 parietal placentas, and a radiate stigma. 

 Fruit one-celled. [M T. MJ 



TOVOMITA. In a recent monograph of 

 the order of Clusiacece, twenty-one well- 

 authenticated and three doubtful species 

 are referred to this genus, all of them 

 beinar natives of Tropical South America 

 and the West Indian Islands, and varying 

 in size from shrubs six or eight feet high 

 to targe trees. They have smooth feather- 

 veined leaves, and cymes of partly uni- 

 sexual and partly perfect flowers, produc- 

 ing four-celled fruits, which split in four 

 valves, and contain a solitary seed in each 

 cell; the seed being destitute of a true 

 aril, but having its outer coat developed 

 into a fleshy pellucid aril-like covering 

 traversed by veins. The flowers have two 



or four sepals, the outer two being largest 

 and completely shutting in the other floral 

 organs in the bud; four or eight petals; 

 indefinite stamens, with thickened fila- 

 ments; and a four-celled ovary containing 

 a solitary ovule in each cell, and bearing 

 four short styles crowned with concave or 

 cushion-formed stigmas. All the species 

 abound more or less in a resinous juice, 

 which exudes from them when wounded, 

 and hardens into resin. The bark of T. 

 fructipendula, an arboreous species intive 

 of Chicaplaya in the Peruvian Andes, is 

 used by the inhabitants for dyeing a red- 

 dish-purple colour, and also for medicinal 

 purposes. [A. SJ 



TOW-COCK. Bohchos sinensis. 



TOWERWORT Turritis. 



TOWNSENDIA. The name of a North 

 American herbaceous plant, constituting a 

 genus of Composites. The leaves are tufted, 

 linear, entire, and woolly. The head of 

 flowers is sessile, surrounded by an invo- 

 lucre of overlapping linear scales ; the re- 

 ceptacle is naked, pitted ; the outer florets 

 strap-shaped, involute at the margins, and 

 the central ones tubular, flve-toothed. The 

 fruits are hairy , and the pappus is in one 

 row, scaly in the outer, hairy in the inner 

 fruits. [M. T. M.] 



TOWRANEERO, TURANIRA. Names 

 for the Bastard Bully-tree of Guiana. 



TOXICODENDRON Bhus Toxicodendron. 



TOXICOPHL^EA. A genus of Apocy- 

 naceos, containing a single species, a tree 

 from the Cape of Good Hope. It has oppo- 

 site elliptic smooth leaves, and numerous 

 crowded flowers in the axils of the leaves. 

 The calyx is five-parted ; the base of the 

 corolla is tubular, gradually widening up- 

 wards, the throat and upper surfaces of 

 the limb being villose, and the limb divided 

 into five short ovate-acute lobes; the sta- 

 mens are inserted below the mouth of the 

 tube, and have very short filaments and 

 ovate anthers ; and the ovary is two-celled, 

 with a single ovule in each cell. The bark 

 of this tree is poisonous, and is used by 

 the Hottentots as an ordeal. [W. C] 



TOYO. A fragrant plant of British 

 Guiana, an infusion and syrup of the leaves 

 and stems of which are employed as a re- 

 medy in chronic coughs. 



TOYWORT. Capsella Bursayastoris. 



TOZZIA. A genus of ScrophulariacecB 

 containing a single species, a small branch- 

 ing glabrous herb from the mountains of 

 Central Europe. The leaves are opposite 

 and sessile, and the flowers are in short 

 pedicels in the axils of the leaves, forming 

 a lax raceme. The calyx is campanulate 

 membranous and unequally four-toothed ; 

 the corolla-tube is exserted, the upper lip 

 of the limb slightly concave and two-Jobed ; 

 and the one-seeded globose capsule is sub- I 

 drupaceous. [W. C] 



TRABECULA (adj. TRABECULATE.) 

 A cross-bar ; as in the teeth of many mosses. 



