:rif] 



<H)e QtrtngxiYv at 33atau». 



1170 



seedsmen, for not sending the true Cow- 

 grass.are exceedingly difficult to settle. 



The Carnation or Crimson Clover, as a 

 crop-Plant, appears to have been intro- 

 duced from the Continent. It is an annual 

 species, much used (especially in the up- 

 land soils in the neighbourhood of Lon- 

 don) upon the white-crop stubble sown in 

 autumn, in which case even a heavier 

 crop than that of the Broad-leaved Clover 

 can be cleared away the following summer 

 in time for a Iato sowing of turnips. Se- 

 veral varieties of its seed can now be ob- 

 tained, among which the T. incarnatum 

 'tardifrouge' and T. incarnatum' tar clif blanc' 

 of Vilmorin are red and white forms, com- 

 ing in about a fortnight later than the usual 

 variety, and so have been recommended for 

 succession. 



The Alsike Clover is also of foreign 

 origin, being much grown on the Conti- 

 nent. It has got the na^ie of 'hybrid clover' 

 from its apparently possessing characters 

 intermediate between the common red and 

 Dutch clovers, but its hybridity is not 

 admitted by botanists. Its flowers, which 

 grow in compact heads like those of the red 

 clover, are of a pinkish blush. Its shoots 

 trail along the ground without rooting, as 

 in the Dutch Clover. It is a good pasture 

 plant, deserving of more attention than 

 it has yet. received in this country. 



The Dutch Clover, or Shamrock of Ire- 

 land, is a valuable feeding plant in dry 

 and thin soils;'and in laying down perma- 

 nent pastures, unless in strong land, it 

 should be always pretty freely employed. 

 Its spontaneous growtli in the meadow is 

 always hailed as a sign of improved condi- 

 tion. It must not in that case be con- 

 founded with the T. fragiferum, called 

 Strawberry-headed Clover from the fruit- 

 like aspect of its calyces, which expand 

 and take on a reddish colour after the 

 flowers fade— this latter peculiarity being 

 indicative of stiff clays. 



The Procumbent or Hop Trefoil of the ] 

 botanist is readily distinguished from the j 

 other species by its bunch of yellow flowers, i 

 withering to the bright-brown of a strobile i 

 of hops, which it is not unlike in general 

 aspect, and hence its common name. This 

 must not be confounded with the Hop 

 Trefoil of the farmer, which is the 3fedicago 

 lnpu.li.na. They may be readily distinguish- 

 ed thus :— The ripened fruits of the ' Medi- 

 cagn lupulina are arranged in a bunch of 

 black twisted seed-pods. The pods of the 

 T. prosumbens are straight, and always 

 covered with the persistent dried hop-like 

 flowers. This latter has been used for 

 farm purposes, but is of little value. The 

 small Yellow or Suckling Clover is more 

 diminutive in all its parts than the preced- 

 ing. It has been recommended as a mix- 

 turein light pasture herbage,but is scarcely 

 worth consideration. 



A four-leaved Shamrock or other clover 

 is greatly esteemed as being lucky, perhaps 

 upon the principle that it is thought by 

 some to be fortunate to get anything: rare ; 

 four-leaved (even-leaved) clovers are, how- 

 ever, noc unfrequently met with. [J. B.J 



TRIPOLIUM DISS JARDINIERS. (Pr.) 

 Cytisus sessilifolius. 



TRIFURCATE. Having a fork with 

 three tines, as some hairs. 



TRIGLANS. Containing three nuts 

 (glans) within an involucre; as the Span- 

 ish chestnut. 



TRIGLOCHIN. Marsh-herbs with very 

 narrow radical leaves, and slender spikes 

 of inconspicuous green flowers, belonging 

 to the order Juncaginacece. The flower is 

 composed of six concave deciduous leaves, 

 six stamens, three to six plumose stigmas, 

 and as many combined one-seeded cap- 

 sules. There are two British species, which 

 agree in having grass-like but fleshy 

 leaves, grooved throughout and sheathing 

 at the base. The flowers, which are very 

 small, are only remarkable for their fea- 

 thery stigmas. T. palustre,the Marsh Arrow- 

 grass, is common in wet meadows and in 

 marshy situations generally. In this spe- 

 cies the stigmas are three, and the three 

 capsules form a linear column. T. mariti- 

 mum is a somewhat more robust plant, and 

 is sufficiently distinguished by its six 

 capsules, so combined as to be broadly 

 elliptical or almost globose in form. In 

 general habit both species bear some re- 

 semblance to a Plantago, but the spike 

 is much more lax. [C. A. J.J 



TRIGONANTHUS, Ceratostylis. 



TRIGONELLA. A rather extensive ge- 

 nus of herbaceous leguminous plants, wide- 

 ly spread over Southern Europe, Western 

 and Central Asia, Northern Africa, and 

 occurring more sparingly in Australia, all 

 the species possessing a heavy penetrating 

 odour. Their leaves are composed of three 

 leaflets, the m iddle one being stalked ; and 

 theirflowers aredisposedin axillary umbel- 

 like heads, or are produced, either solitary 

 or in clusters of two or three, in the leaf- 

 axils. They are succeeded by straight or 

 slightly curved flattened or cylindrical 

 many-seeded pods, which are longer than 

 the calyx, and split into two valves at ma- 

 turity. 



T. Fcenum grcecum, the Fenugreek or 

 Penugi sbc, is an erect annual plant about 

 two feet high, a native of the Mediterra- 

 nean region, but cultivated in India and 

 other warm countries, and occasionally in 

 England, though our climate is scarcely 

 suitable to it. The seeds of Fenugreek 

 were held in high repute among the an- 

 cient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, for 

 medicinal and culinary purposes, but at 

 the present day their use in medicine is 

 with us confined to veterinary practice— 

 Fetyigreek powder being the principal in- 

 gredient in most of the quack nostrums 

 which find so much favour amongst ig- 

 norant grooms and horsekeepers. They 

 have a powerful odour of coumarine, and 

 are largely used for flavouring the so-called 

 concentrated cattle-foods, and for render- 

 ing damaged hay palatable. [A. S.J 



TRTGONIA, TRIGONIACEiE. The genus 

 Trigania, consisting of tropical American 



