1171 



(£!)£ Crras'uva 0? Satanri. 



[trim 



ovary with three to five cells and as many 

 distinct styles, and a succulent fruit. The I 

 species are all natives of the temperate ! 

 regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and | 

 are distributed into five of six genera, of I 

 which the most important are Trillium I 

 and Paris. 



TRILLIDimr. A genus of Trilliacece \ 

 from India, containing the Trillium Gove- \ 

 nianum of Wallich, which is somewhat j 

 intermediate between Trillium and Paris, I 

 having the same ternary arrangement of i 

 the flower which occurs in the former, from j 

 which it differs in the leaves of the peri- ; 

 anth being all similar (coloured), the an- ! 

 thers extrorse after flowering, and the j 

 stigmas subulate. It is a herb with ahori- i 

 zontal creeping rhizome, and an erect stem, | 

 terminated by a whorl of three stalked five- 

 nerved leaves, in the centre of which there : 

 is a single erect flower. [J. T. S.] : 



TRILLIE. (Fr.) Trillium. 



TRILLIUM. An exclusively North ! 

 American genus, referred by some hota- j 

 | nists to Sviilacece, while others consider ; 

 it the type of a distinct order called Tfil- i 

 I liacece. It is distinguished from its con- j 

 I geners by its flowers having three green | 

 i persistent sepals, and three larger coloured 

 and withering petals, six stamens with j I 

 anthers bursting inwards, and a six-sided 

 three-celled ovary, with numerous ovules 

 in several rows in each cell, and bearing 

 three distinct or very rarely cohering 

 6tyles. The plants belonging to it are 

 j perennial smooth herbs, with tufted tuhe- 

 | rous roots or creeping rootstocks, and 

 ! simple stems bearing at the summit three : 

 i broad stalkless or short-stalked thin leaves ! 

 arranged in a whorl, and a solitary flower j 

 either with or without a stalk in the ■ 

 middle. .Seventeen species, spread over I 

 the Continent of America from Georgia to : 

 ; the Arctic regions, are described. 

 I The fleshy roots of T.erectum (sometimes | 

 j palled T. pendulum), under the name of i 

 Beth-root, form one of the numerous j 

 ; drugs prepared for sale in the United 

 ! States by some of the societies of the 

 ; religious sect called Shakers. They are 

 j esteemed astringent tonic and antiseptic, 

 | and are employed in spitting of blood and 

 I several other complaints. The plant is 

 also called Indian Balm or Lamb'sQuarters. 

 It has an erect stem a foot, or more high, 

 bearing three broad almost rhomboid 

 leaves, and drooping fetid flowers, with i 

 green sepals striped with purple, and deep 

 purple petals. [A. S.J j 



TRTLOBED, TRILOBUS. Tbree-lobed, j 

 as in the leaf of Anemone Hepatica. 



TRIMERIA. The name of a South j 

 African tree constituting a gen us of Iloma- i 

 liacece. The leaves are alternate stalked I 

 three-nerved, and the flowers grow in ! 

 axillary spikes: the calyx consists of three 

 sepals, the corolla of three concave petals 

 larger than the sepals; there are nine 

 stamens, aggregated together in three 

 bundles, placed opposite to the petals, and 



trees, with opposite stipulate leaves (.white 

 underneath) and paniculate flowers, pre- 

 sents so many anomalies, that it has been 

 proposed to consider it as a distinct order 

 of polypetalous dicotyledons under the 

 name of Triaaniacece. It had been referred 

 to Polugalacece, chiefly on account of its 

 ' irregular flowers and the long hairs of its 



■ seeds ; but it has little else in common 

 with them, and the position of the petals 

 and insertiou of the stamens is quite dif- 

 ferent. 



As the irregularity of the flower is of the 



j same nature as in Leguminosce—i.e., it has 



one petal, which is of quite a different shape 



■ from the others, placed uppermost or next 

 I the stem from which it springs— it disa- 

 grees with the Polygalacece, which have not 



: this characteristic, and should therefore 

 be regarded as a distinct family, or (what is 

 perhaps more advisable) placed as a section 



• of LegumiaosCB. The irregularity of the 

 stamens is also of the same nature as in 

 Leguminosm, the fissure or vacant space 



. being opposite the enlarged upper petal. 

 Some good authorities think that the real 

 affinities of the genus or order lie probably 

 in the direction of Vochyacece, through the 

 medium of Lightia. [B. C] 



TRIGONIDIUlf. A small but curious 

 genus of orchids .from Tropical America, 

 belonging to the tribe Vandece. They are 

 epiphytal herbs, with creeping stems, bear- 

 ing pseudobulbs, few coriaceous leaves, 



, and solitary flowers on erect radical pe- 

 duncles clothed with sheathing bracts. 

 The sepals are equal, somewhat herbace- 

 ous, cohering at the base, spreading at the 



: apex, about twice the size of the petals. 

 The remarkable flowers of this genus dis- 



\ tinguish it from all others. [W. B. H.] 



! TRIG0N03TEM0N. A genus "of Eivphor- 



; biacece, comprising a Javanese shrub, 

 with acuminate whorled leaves, hairy on 

 the under-surface. Flowers monoecious, 

 crowded on axillary racemes ; calyx five- 

 parted ; petals fire, inclining inwards, al- 



i ternating with five glands ; stamens three, 

 unit d below, free above, the anther-lobes 



, divergent. In the female flowers the three 

 cells of the ovary have each one ovule, 

 and the fruit is capsular. [M. T. M.] 



TRIGONOUS. Having three angles and 

 three plane faces ; as the stem of Car ex 

 acuta. 



TRIHILATE. Having three apertures, 

 as some sorts of pollen-grains. 



TRIJUGOUS. When the petiole of a 

 pinnated leaf bears three pairs of leaflets. 



TRILATERAL. A prism of three sides. 



TRILIX. Prockia. 



TRILLIACEJ3. A small order of mono- 

 cotyledons, sometimes considered as a sub- 

 order of Smilaceoe or of Liliacea?. It is 

 distinguished by simple stems, bearing 

 a whorl of netted-veined leaves, and a 

 Single terminal flower, with usually three 

 )t«rbaceous sepals, three larger petals, six 

 to ten stamens with linear anthers, a free 



