texjn] 



Cfje ®Y?K$ur}) at 23ataug. 



1180 



and is crowned at the top by a fan-shaped 

 cluster of leaves, ten feet or more in length. 

 The stem of this seaweed, says Dr. Harvey, 

 which is hollow in the upper portion, is 

 when dried often used in the colony as a 

 siphon, and by the native herdsmen is 

 formed into a trumpet for collecting the 

 cattle in the evening. A very long-necked 

 variety of the common bottle-gourd isused 

 in a similar manner for drawing wine from 

 casks in Hungary, exactly after the fashion 

 of the glass hebers which are used for 

 taking whisky-toddy from the quaighs. 

 The* name is also applied in America to 

 Eupatorium purpureum. [M. J. B.] 



TRUNCATE. Terminating very abruptly 

 as if a piece had been cut off ; as the leaf 

 of the tulip-tree. 



TRTTNCUS, or TRUNK. The bole or 



principal stem of a tree. 



TRYMA. An inferior drupe, with a two- 

 valved separable flesh ; as the walnut. 



TRYMALIUM. A genus of Rhamnacece, 

 whose component species are shrubs, na- 

 tives of South-western Australia. The 

 leaves are feather-veined, smooth above, 

 and covered below with star-shaped hairs. 

 The flowers are hairy, in panicles or cymose 

 heads. Calyx with a hemispherical tube, 

 connate with the base of the ovary, its 

 limb divided into five spreading, ovate 

 acute, internally coloured segments : petals 

 five, inserted into a lobed fleshy disk ; sta- 

 mens five, inserted with the petals, with 

 which they alternate; ovary partly adhe- 

 rent to the tube of the calyx, its free por- 

 tion hairy, two to four-celled, each cell 

 containing a single erect ovule; style two 

 to four-parted; fruit indehiscent, of four 

 woody carpels, ultimately separating one 

 from the other. [M. T. M.] 



TRYPETHELIUM. A fine genus of li- 

 chens distinguished by the thallus pro- 

 ducing a number of distinct pustules aris- 

 ing from the medullary stratum, though 

 often more highly coloured, in which nu- 

 merous perithecia are immersed, contain- 

 ing a gelatinous nucleus producing asci 

 and highly-developed sporidia. It bears 

 almost the same relation to the genus 

 Vcrrucaria that Hypoxylon does to Sphce- 

 ria. Indeed, the resemblance of particular 

 species to Hypoxylon is so close that it 

 requires a minute examination of the crust 

 from whence the tubercles spring to dis- 

 tinguish them. The species are all tropical 

 or subtropical, extending northwards as 

 far as South Carolina, while a single obscure 

 species occurs in New Zealand. [M. J. B.] 



TRYSLE, TRYSSIL. A native bark of 

 Demerera used for tanning, and also as an 

 emetic and fish-poison. 



TSADA. Eleusine coracana. 



TSAN-TJAN. Fucus cartilaginosus. 



T5CHCDYA. A small jrenus of Melasto- 

 viacece, differing from Clidemis by a few 

 artificial characters merely, and consisting 

 of erect shrubs indigenous to Guiana and 



Brazil. They have ovate-lanceolate ser- 

 rated leaves, terminal panicles, a campanu- 

 late calyx with a few obscure teeth, a 

 fi ve-petaled corolla, ten stamens, and a five- 

 celled berry containing numerous angular 

 seeds. [B. S.] 



TSHERIVELLO. A Telinga name for 



Oldeulandia umbellata. 



TSHETTIK, TJETTIK. Eastern names 

 for Strychnos TieutS. 



TSIN-Y. A Chinese name for Magnolia 

 Tulan. 



TSJAMPAC. Michelia Champaca. 



TUALIKA. An Indian name for Sclnni- 

 delia serrata. 



TUARI, or TAUARE. The bast of Lecy- 

 this Ollaria and other species, used by the 

 Brazilians as wrappers for cigarettes. 



TUB.EFORM, TUBATE. The same as 

 Trumpet-shaped. 



TUBE. The part of a monosepalous 

 calyx, or monopetalous corolla, formed by 

 the union of the edges of the sepals or 

 petals ; also applied to adhesions of sta- 

 mens. 



TUBE-FLOWER. Clerodendron Siphon- 

 ! anthus. 



TUBER. See Truffles and Tube- 



j ItACEI. 



I TUBER (adj. TUBEROUS). A roundish 

 underground succulent stem, covered with 

 buds, from which new plants or tubers are 

 produced ; as the potato. A receptacle of 



I vegetable food. 



TUBERACEI. A natural order of Fungi 

 strictly analogous, amongst the sporidii- 

 ferous kind, with the Hypogwi amongst 

 the sporiferous. All the genera, with a sin- 

 gle exception, are strictly subterraneous, 

 and they are generally remarkable for the 

 j high development of the sporidia, which 

 have mostly a cellular coat, either smooth, 

 or rough with bristles. Hofmeister has 

 observed that the threads which give rise 

 to the fruit-bearing sacs or asci produce 

 lateral branchlets, the- tips of which be- 

 come amalgamated with the walls of the 

 sac, like the tips of the pollen-tubes with 

 the embryo-sac in phasnogams, and some- 

 times penetrate it like the similar branch- 

 lets in Saprolegniw. He has, however, 

 seen no active molecules in these branch- 

 lets, and therefore is unable to speak posi- 

 tively about their functions. 



Tuberacei differ much in the complication 

 of their hymenial surface. In some it sim- 

 ply lines a cavity like that of a closed Pe- 

 ziza; in others this cavity is slightly con- 

 volute, the walls still remaining distinct, 

 and following all the sinuosities of the hy- 

 menia ; in others the sinuosities are so fre- 

 quent and so involved, that there appears 

 merely to be mucedinous veins between the 

 confluent hymenial surfaces, the whole 

 mass being contained in a smooth or warty 

 bark ; while in others, again, all outer b.irk 

 is wanting, and in one genus the hymenial 



