1181 



Cfje CrcaSurg of 33fltanti. 



[tuck. 



surface is, as it were, turned inside out and 

 completely exposed. Many Tuberacei are 

 remarkable for their strong scent, and 

 several are esteemed as great delicacies. 

 Xo plants more amply repay a close exami- 

 nation, but from their subterranean habit 

 they require much tact and patience in 

 searching after them. Europe appears to 

 present a maximum of species, which in- 

 crease as we go southward ; but a good 

 many have been discovered in this coun- 

 try, principally by Messrs. Broome and 

 Thwaites. Of exotic species we can say 

 little, as they have not at present attracted 

 much attention. [M. J. BJ 



TUBERCLE. Any small warty excre- 

 scence. 



TUBERCLED. Covered with little ex- 

 crescences or warts. 



TUBERCULARIA. A spurious genus of 

 Fungi, hut worthy of note hereon account 

 of the extremely common occurrence of 

 one of the supposed species, T. vulgaris, on 

 dead stems of currant, gooseberry, syca- 

 more, &c. in gardens. Though apparently 

 perfect, as the little bright rose-coloured 

 pustules, which burst through the bark, 

 bear a multitude of minute spores on de- 

 licate branched threads, forming a some- 

 what gelatinous mass when moist on the 

 firmer base, they are not really so ; these 

 granules being merely conidia, and the 

 production when fully developed bears a 

 stratum of scarlet granulated cysts, and is 

 then Xectria cinnabarina. The other Tu- 

 bercalarice produce species either of Nee- 

 iria, Hyponea, or Sphceria. [31. J. B.] 



TUBERCULATED. 

 bercled. 



The same as Tu- 



TUBERCULE. Simple roots which ac- 

 quire a succulent condition, become reser- 

 voirs of vegetable food, and serve for pro- 

 pagation, in consequence of being termi- 

 nated by a bud. A little tuber. 



TUBERCULUM. A wart-like shield, 

 such as is found in the genus Verrucaria. 



TUBEREUSE. (Fr.) Polianthes. — 

 BLEUE. Agapanthus umbellatus. — DES 

 JARDIXS. Polianthes tuberosa. 



TUBBRIPORM. Tuber-like. 



TUBEROSE. Polianthes tuberosa. 



TUBEROSITIES. The name of a ge- 

 nus of Compositce, comprising a dwarfish 

 herb, growing parasitical ly on the roots of 

 the mangrove-tree? in Darien. The heads 

 consist of numerous perfect flowers, sur- 

 rounded by an involucre of many rows 

 of bracts— the inner ones oblong concave, 

 the outer much shorter ovate and flat. 

 Receptacle convex, naked : corolla tubular, 

 five-toothed ; style arising from a thick 

 spongy mass ; stigmas elongated, recurved, 

 extending beyond the corollas; fruit in- 

 versely conical, curved furrowed and rough, 

 surmounted by a thick obscurely-toothed 

 margin. The generic name expresses the 

 peculiarity of the style. [M. T. MJ 



TUBEROUS. Having the succulent en- 

 larged condition of a tuber. 



TUBI, TCBULI. The pores of certain 

 fungals; also ringed tubes found in the 

 globule of a Chara. 



TUBU. The Malay name for the Sugar- 

 cane. 



TUBULAR, TUBULATE, TUBUL03E. 

 Approaching a cylindrical figure, and hol- 

 low. 



TUBULIFL0RJ3. One of the three large 

 suborders into which Decandolle divides 

 the Compositce. It comprises the Corymbi- 

 ferce and Cynarocephalce of Jussieu, in- 

 cluding those genera which have all or at 

 least the central florets of each head re- 

 gular and tubular. 



TUBURCINIA. A genus of naked-spored 

 moulds presumed to belong to the section 

 Ustilaginei, with the spores or protospores 

 either globose or conch iform, made up of 

 minute cells. The species are, in fact, very 

 similar to Sporidesmia, differing, in the 

 typical species, in their subterrranean 

 habit, and, if they be really Ustilaginei, in 

 the nature of their reproductive bodies. 

 The scab in potatoes arises from one of the 

 species, and another occurs in the swollen 

 base of the stems of Orobanche. This is 

 not uncommon in France, but it has not 

 yet been detected in England. We have, 

 however, a very distinct species, which is 

 developed on the leaves of Trientalis euro- 

 pcea, differing from the others in its not 

 being subterranean. [31. J. B.] 



TUCKAHOO. The Ameri co-Indian name 

 for a curious tuberous production, which is 

 dug out of the ground in several parts of 

 the United States, and which has been re- 

 ferred by Fries to the genus Pachyma. 

 Like Sclerotium, however, Pachyma has no 

 fruit, and there is some reason to doubt 

 whether it has any pretensions to be classed 

 with Fungi at all. It is composed almost 

 entirely of pectic acid, and it is very pro- 

 bable that it is a peculiar condition of some 

 root, though of what plant has not at pre- 

 sent been ascertained. One similar pro- 

 duction at least has been found in China, 

 where it is supposed to possess medicinal 

 virtues; and there is reason to believe that 

 another exists there, attaining a diameter 

 of several inches, like the American Tucka- 

 hoo. As may be supposed from its che- 

 mical constitution, it affords a nutritive 

 article of food, for which purpose it is dug 

 up by the natives like the Mylitta or Native 

 Bread of Tasmania, with which, however, 

 it does not correspond in character. It is 

 also employed occasionally as a material 

 for making jelly, for which it is well adapt- 

 ed, the pectic acid of currants and other 

 fruits being the principle Avhich disposes 

 their juice when boiled to form a jelly-like 

 mass. The principal objection which is 

 brought forward against the supposed 

 pbamogamous origin of the production, is 

 the absence of all trace of vascular or cel- 

 lular structure like that of phaenogams, or 

 of bark except such as may be supposed 



