tuck] 



Kl)t EiTajSurg af detain). 



1182 



to arise from mere contact with the soil; 

 tout the dissimilarity between its struc- 

 ture and that of Fungi is quite as great, 

 and the conversion of a fungus into peetlc 

 acid would be more surprising. [M. J. B.J 



TUCKERMANNIA. A name applied to 

 a succulent Californian herb, of the family 

 Compositce. T tie leaves are finely and pin- 

 natedly divided ; the involucre is double— 

 the outer of six to eight scales, the inner 

 of eight to ten ; the receptacle is flat, scaly; 

 the florets of the ray lisrulate, three-tooth- 

 ed, those of the disk cylindrical, five-tooth- 

 ed ; the stigmas hairy, surmounted by a 

 short cone ; and the fruits elliptical, wing- 

 ed, smooth, without pappus. [M. T. M.] 



TUCUM. Astrocarymn vulgare, culti- 

 vated in Brazil for the fibre of its young 

 leaves. 



TUCTJMA. Astrocaryum Tucnma, the 

 fruit of which is eaten by the Indians of 

 the Upper Amazon. 



TUE-CHIEN. (Fr.) Colchicum autum- 

 nale. 



TUFTED. Growing in tufts, or close 

 dense cushion-like or tussock-like masses. 



TULA. Under this name is described a 

 little known Peruvian herb, supposed to 

 constitute a genus of Cinchonaceae. The 

 limb of the corolla is five-cleft, its seg- 

 ments toothed and crisped; anthers in- 

 cluded; fruit capsular, two-celled, many- 

 seeded. [M. T. M.J 



TDLASI. Michelia Cltampaca. 



TULASNEA. A small genus of Melasto- 

 macene, consisting of herbs, probably an- 

 nuals, confined to Brazil. Their stem is 

 simple, thread-like, and either erect or 

 ascending; the leaves are small, ovate, and 

 obscurely serrated ; and the flowers termi- 

 nal, and either solitary or in panicles. The 

 calyx is four-toothed, the corolla tetra- 

 petalous; the number of stamens four; the 

 capsule two-celled, two-valved, and many- 

 seeded. [B. S.J 



TULIP. Tulipa. 



TULIPACE..E. A name sometimes given 

 to the whole or a portion of the order 

 Liliacccc 



TULIPA. A well-known genus of lilia- 

 ceous plants, distinguished by the erect 

 position of the anthers, and by having the 

 stigma sessile on the ovary. T. Gesneriana, 

 the Tulip of gardens, has been a favourite 

 object of the florist's care for three centu- 

 ries. Gesner, who first made it known by 

 a botanical description and figure, saw it 

 in a.d. 1559 at Augsburg, the seeds having 

 been hrought from the Levant. It was at 

 that time known in Italy under the name 

 of tulipa, given to it or. account of its re- 

 sembling a turban, « tulbenV In the middle 

 of the seventeenth century, Tulips became 

 the object of a trade such as is not to be 

 met with asain in the history of commerce, 

 and by which their price rose above that 

 of the most precious metals. It is a mis- 



take, however, to suppose that the high 

 prices paid for bulbs, amounting in some 

 instances to 2,500 and even 4,600 florins, 

 represented the estimated value of a root, 

 since these large sums often changed 

 hands without any transfer of property. 

 Bulbs were bought and sold without being 

 seen, without even being in existence. In 

 fact, they were the subject of a speculation 

 not unlike that of railway scrip in this 

 country at no very distant date. The 

 tulip however was, and still is, extensively 

 cultivated, there being many hundreds of 

 named varieties. T.sylvestris is considered 

 by some botanists to be a distinct species, 

 by others to have been derived from use- 

 less roots of T. Gesneriana, discarded from 

 gardens soon after its introduction, and 

 reverted to its natural condition. It 

 grows wild in the South of France and 

 other countries of Europe, and is found, | 

 also in a wild state, in chalk-pits in Eng- 

 land. The flowers are yellow and fragrant ; 

 and the leaves much narrower than in any j 

 of the cultivated varieties. [C. A. J.] 



TULIPE. (Fr.) Tulipa. — DES FLEU- 

 RISTES. Tulipa Gesneriana. — DU CAP. 

 Hremanthiis. 



TULTPIER. (Fr.) Liriodendron. -DE 

 VI KG IN IE. Liriodendron tuiipifera. 



TULIP-TREE. Liriodendron tuiipifera; 

 also Paritium elatum. — , QUEENSLAND. 

 Stenocarpus Cunningltami. 



TULIP- WOOD. The striped rose-colour- 

 ed wood of Pkysocalymma floribunda. — , 

 AUSTRALIAN, or QUEENSLAND. Cupa- 

 nia {Harpulia) peudula. 



TULOSTOMA. A genus of puffballs, 

 distinguished by its paper-like peridium 

 distinct from the tall stem, at first covered 

 with a scaly or powdery coat or veil which 

 soon falls away, and opening with a deter- 

 minate orifice, filled with spores mixed 

 with a few threads adherent to the peri- 

 dium. The species are few, and occur in 

 either hemisphere. T. mammosum is the 

 only British species, but it is local, though 

 not unfrequent on the tops of old mossy 

 walls about London. In Sweden this spe- 

 cies occurs only on vast sandy tracts, 

 while T. fimbriatiim, distinguished by its 

 frinRed mouth, grows on decayed heaps j 

 of seaweeds. The other species belong to | 

 Africa, Cuba, or the islands of the South | 

 Pacific Oceau. [M. J. B.J \ 



TUM. A kind of Mastic obtained from 

 Pistacia atlantica. 



TUMBEKY. The narcotic leaf of a spe- 

 cies of Lobelia. 



TUMBO. The African name for Wel- 

 witschia ; applied also to other plants. 



TUMTUM. An Arabian name for 

 Sumach, Ehus Coriaria. 



TUNA. The Spanish American name for 

 several Opuntias, but adopted by botanists 

 as the scientific designation of one of the 

 Prickly Pears, Opuntia Tuna. 



