typh] 



Ci)e Craufurg of Batanii. 



1186 



are very few species, hut some of them 

 are dispersed over nearly all parts of the 

 globe. They form two genera, Typha and 

 Sparganium. 



TYPHA. Tall herbaceous aquatics giving 

 name to the order Typhacecp., and distin- 

 guished by bearing the.stamens and pistils 

 in separate Bowers but on the same plant; 

 either forming a continuous spike or spa- 

 dix shaped like a constable's mace, with 

 the barren flowers in the upper part, or 

 an interrupted spadix with the barren 

 flowers above, the fertile below, the point 

 of interruption. There are two British 

 species, T. latifolia and T. angustifolia— 

 often popularly but erroneously called 

 Bulrush, which name properly belongs to 

 the genus Scirpus — common, especially 

 the former, on the borders of ponds and 

 lakes, where with their singular large ter- 

 minal spikes (called from their form Cat's- 

 tail, or Reed-mace), they present a most 

 picturesque appearance, and are often se- 

 lected by artists to indicate the presence 

 of water. T. latifolia grows to the height 

 of Ave or six feet ; its spikes are continu- 

 ous, leaves very long linear and nearly 

 plane. In the otherspecies, which is smaller, 

 the spike is interrupted, and the leaves 

 are grooved. French : Massette ; German : 

 Rohrkolbe. [C. A. J.] 



TYPIIONTUM. This name is applied to 

 a genus of Aracea? y differing from Arum 

 principally in having a single erect ovule, 

 arising from the base of the ovary. The 

 upper part of the spadix too is more sharp- 

 ly pointed than in Arum. The species of 

 this genus are Indian herbs, with perennial 

 fleshy rootstocks, and petiolate heart-shap- 

 ed leaves whose sheathing stalks encircle 

 the base of thelong-peduiuied spadix. The 

 spathe is uniform in colour, and not spot- 

 ted. The rootstocks of T. orixense arc very 

 acrid, and are used in India as an applica- 

 tion to scirrhous tumours. [M. T. MJ 



TYRIA. A genus of Peruvian shrubs of 

 the family Vacciniacece. The leaves are 

 scattered, and thick in texture ; the flowers 

 grow in tufts. The tube of the calyx is 

 marked by ten ribs, its limb five-parted, the 

 segments lance-shaped, withering ; the co- 

 rolla is cylindrical, five-cleft ; stamens ten, 

 within the corolla, the filaments combined 

 below into a shallow cup; and the anthers 

 two-celled below, one-celled above, opening 

 by a pore at the top; ovary ten-ribbed, 

 with five compartments. [M. T. M.] 



TZONTECOMATL. A Mexican cosmetic 

 prepared from the seeds of Swietenia Ma- 

 hagoni mixed with oil. 



DBI. The Malay name for Yam. — 

 BUNGALA. The Potato. 



CBRIDT. A Guiana name for the as- 

 tringent bark of the Wild Cashew-tree. 



I'DUvA-BREAD. Irvingia Barteri. 



TTDORA. M. Caspary, in a recent mono- 

 graph of the order ITi/dnjefertrHfrtraE, com- 

 bines t tie present erenus with Anacliaris, 

 and restores the old name Btudea, which 



Nuttall changed to Udora, in consequence 

 of his incorrectly supposing that Elodea 

 had previously been assigned by Adan- 

 son to a genus of tutsans. Ten species of 

 Elodea (otherwise Udora) are described by 

 Caspary— all aquatic perennial plants grow- 

 ing below the surface of the water, and 

 inhabiting fresh-water rivers and lakes in 

 various parts of both North and South 

 America. Elodea canadensis of Richard 

 includes, amongst others, the plant called 

 Udora canadensis by Nuttall in America, 

 and Avacharis Alsinastrum by Babington 

 in England. It proves to be a great pest 

 in still waters, choking up the stream by 

 its rapid growth, and impeding navigation. 

 See Axachakis. [A. S.] 



UFYOON. An Arabic name for Opium. 



UGENA. Lygodium. 



UGNT. A genus founded on a single 

 Chilian species, which was at first referred 

 to Myrtus (from which it differs in the 

 structure of the embryo) and afterwards 

 to Eugenia, to which it is so nearly allied 

 that there seems no good reason for sepa- 

 rating it. The calyx has four linear divi- 

 sions, not five as Turezaninow makes it; 

 there are five roundish obovate petals ; the 

 numerous stamens have flattened filaments 

 and two-celled anthers ; the subulate style 

 has the apex incurved, and surmounted 

 by an acute stigma. The berry, crowned 

 with the persistent calyx, has four cells, 

 each nearly subdivided by the projecting 

 placenta, and containing six to eight seeds 

 having a hard testa, and a curved exal- 

 buminous embryo, with the cotyledons 

 and short radicle blended into a solid 

 mass. The species Eugenia Ugni has very 

 agreeably-flavoured aromatic fruit, and 

 some attempts have been made to intro- 

 duce it into general cultivation. [W. CJ 



TJGOORO. An Indian name for Eagle- 

 wood and Aloes-wood. 



UHDEA. A Mexican genus of Campo- 

 sirffi.comprisinganundershrub.with much- 

 divided hairy leaves, and yellow capitulate 

 flowers, the heads arranged in a definite 

 corymb at the ends of the branches. The 

 genus is most nearly allied to Actinomeris, 

 from which, however, it differs in habit, 

 and in the ovary, which is destitute of 

 pappus. [M. T. MJ 



ULANTHA. Chlorcea. 

 ULE. A tree from which Caoutchouc is 

 obtained : supposed to be Castilloa elasiica. 

 ULEX. A genus of prickly shrubs be- 

 I longing to the order Leguminosce, distin- 

 ! guished by their two-parted calyx b aring 

 j two minute bracts at the base, and their 

 j turgid few-seeded lesrume. U. europatis, 

 i the Common Furze, Whin, orGorse, is one 

 j of the few British social plants sufficiently 

 I important to give a name to the localities 

 : on which it fixes, a' Furze-brake' being a 

 characteristic feature of English landscape. 

 Harsh and rugged though Furze be in ap- 

 pearance, it has by no means a wide geo- 

 graphical range. Even in Xorth Britain it 



