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are entire, often hairy, triplinerved, and 

 the flower-heads surrounded by an invo- 

 lucre, the outer scales of which are leafy, 

 the inner smaller and membranous. The 

 receptacle is flat and scaly ; the outer florets 

 are ligulate and female, the central ones 

 tubular and perfect ; the stigmas are coni- 

 cal ; the fruits are compressed or top- 

 shaped, with or without a pappus. When 

 present, the pappus consists either of one 

 or of Ave deciduous slender awns. [M. T. M.] 



WOLLTJT OOMUL. A Bengalee name 

 of Abroma augusta. 



WOLVEBOON. The South African 

 Hyenanche capensis, the poisonous seeds of 

 which are used to destroy hyaenas. 



"WONDER OF THE WORLD. Panax 

 Schinseng. 



WOOD. The hard part of a stem, formed 

 chiefly of woody tissue or pleurenchyma, 



WOOD-APPLE. Feronia Elephantum. 



WOODBINE. Caprifolium Periclyme- 

 num; also Polygonum Convolvulus, — , 

 SPANISH. Ipomcea tuberosa. 



WOOD, COOPER'S. AlpMtonia excelsa. 



WOOD OF THE HOLY GROSS. The 

 Mistleto of the Oak. 



WOODROOF, or WOODRUFF. Asperula 

 odorata. —.QUINSY. Asperula cynanchica, 

 — , SWEET. Asperula odorata. 



WOODROW, or WOODROWEL. Aspe- 

 rula odorata. 



WOODSIA. A small genus of polypo- 

 diaceous ferns, widely dispersed in tempe- 

 rate latitudes, two of its species occurring 

 wild in Great Britain. They are small 

 ferns of herbaceous texture, with pinnate 

 or bipinnate fronds, free veins, and puncti- 

 form sori, the peculiarity of which is that 

 they are placed within involucres, which 

 however assume several distinct forms. 

 In some species the involucre is soft mem- 

 branous saucer-shaped, and fringed with 

 long hairs: in others more cup-shaped, 

 with the edge broken into a few distinct 

 broad lobes ; and in others, again, subglo- 

 bose with the mouth contracted. North 

 America, Mexico, Peru, India, the Cauca- 

 sus, and even the British Isles all furnish 

 their quota of species. [T. M.] 



WOODVILLEA. A name applied to a 

 Californian herb of the family Compositiv, 

 having much the appearance of some 

 Calendula. The involucre is bell-shaped, 

 and consists of linear scales in two or 

 three rows ; the receptacle is naked ; the 

 florets of the ray are ligulate and 

 neuter, while those of the disk are tubular 

 and perfect ; achenes hairy, those at the 

 outside linear sterile, those of the disk 

 oblon sr compressed; pappus in many rows, 

 finely hairy. [M.T.M.] 



WOODVINE, YELLOW. Moras calcar 

 galli. 



WOODWARDIA. A genus of polypodia- 

 ceous ferns, remarkable for their indu- 



siatelinear-oblong or sublimate sori, placed 

 near the costa, the receptacles being 

 formed of transverse arcuately anasto- 

 mosing veins, which form one or more 

 series of elongated costal areoles. There 

 are two minor groups included— nam el v 

 Woodwardia proper, in which the sori are 

 immersed, and the indusia vaulted and 

 straight ; and Boodia, in which the sori are 

 superficial, the indusia convex and sub- 

 lunate— theformer series found principally 

 in Madeira India and Japan, the latter in 

 New Holland, New Zealand, and the Pacific 

 Isles. The fronds vary considerably in size 

 in the two groups. [T. M.] I 



WOOGINOOS. An Abyssinian name for ■ 

 Brucea antidysenterica. 



WOOL. A term sometimes applied to 

 fine vegetable fibres, such as cotton. 



WOOLLEN. Verbaseum Th-apsus. 



WOOLLY. Of the nature or appearance 

 of wool. 



WOOLLY-BUTT. An Australian name 

 for a large timber-tree, a species of 

 Eucalyptus. 



WOO-PEI-TZE. The large Chinese galls, 

 found, it is said, on Bhus semialata, or on 

 Distylium racemosum. 



WOORALI, or WOORARI. A virulent 

 poison made by the Indians of Guiana 

 from Strychnos toxifera. 



WORM-GRASS. Spigelian also Sedum 

 album. 



WORMIA. Eight species of this genus 

 of Dilleniacecp are known— three natives of 

 ■the Malayan Peninsula, two of Ceylon, one 

 of India, one of Tropical Australia, and one 

 of Madagascar. They are all trees, some- 

 times growing to a very large size ; and 

 have large thickish entire or toothed 

 leaves, smooth above, and with stipules 

 growing to their stalks, though quicklyfall- 

 ing away. Their flowers are showy, gene- ; 

 rally yellow, but sometimes white, and pro- j 

 duced in few or many-flowered racemes; or j 

 rarely solitary, opposite the leaves at the 

 summit of the branches. They have five 

 thick sepals and as many petals; numerous 

 stamens, either all equal in length, orthe 

 inner ones longer and curved outwards, 

 with narrow anthers opening by holes at 

 the top; and five to ten ovaries, scarcely 

 cohering together, each containing nume- 

 rous ovules and ending in a long style. 

 Their fruits consist of as many carpels as 

 ovaries, which usually burst open, when 

 ripe, alone: their inner edge. 



W. excelsa is a very large forest-tree, 

 native of Java and the Malayan Peninsula, 

 where it is called Kayu Sipur by the Ma- 

 lays, and is valued for its excellent timber, 

 which bears some resemblance to oak. It 

 has oval sharply-toothed leaves, from four 

 inches to a foot long ; and simple or rarely 

 branched racemes of about the same 

 length, bearing numerous showy yellow 

 flowers between three and four inches 

 across. [A. S.] 



WORMSEED. Ambrina anthelmintica; 

 also Erysimum cheiranthoides, Artemisia 



