1251 



£i)c Crcasurp af SSntatig. 



[ZOLL 



ZITWERSAMEX. A German name for 

 Worm seed. 



ZIZANIA. A genus of grasses belong- 

 ing to the tribe Onizece. Spikelets one- 

 flowered, the males above, the females be- 

 neath in the same panicle. Glumes of the 

 male flowers small, roundish, and mem- 

 branaceous ; pales two, membranaceous : 

 the inferior sharp-pointed and five-nerved, 

 the superior shorter acute and three- 

 nerved. The glumes are wanting in the fe- 

 male flowers ; pales two, membranaceous, 

 the lower oblong keeled awned seven- 



Zizania aqnatica. 



nerved, the upper scarcely shorter, tliree- 

 i nerved, bluntly three-keeled on back. 

 ! Sceudel describes four species, exclusive 

 • of Z. aqnatica (figured above;, for which 



see Hydropyruji. [D. MJ 



| ZIZIA. A genus of North American or- 



< thospermous Umbelliferce, consisting of 



] smooth perennial herbs, with ternately or 



I biternately-divided leaves, the segments 



i of which are oblong or ovate. There is no 



: involucre, and the involucels are few- 



i leaved. The limb of the calyx is obsolete, 



1 or has five very short teeth ; the petals are 



! oblong, with a lengthened inflexed point ; 



the roundish fruit is contracted laterally ; 



thecarpels have fivemore or less prominent 



(but not winged) ribs, the intervals con- 



tainingoneto three vittce,and thecommis- 



sure having two to four; the carpophore 



splitsinto two : and the seed isvery convex 



on the back and flat in front This genus, 



vulgarly called Golden Alexanders, has the 



aspect and characters of Tliaspium, with 



the exception of the fruit. [W. C] 



ZIZYPHORA. A genus of Labiata;, con- 



i taining several small thyme-like herbs or 



| undershrubs, natives of Southern Europe 



and Central Asia. They have square stems, 



j opposite leaves, and flowersin rather scan- 



i ty whorls at the ends of the branches. 



! The calyx is striated with thirteen nerves, 



i and the throat is bearded ; the corolla is 



I two-lipped, the upper lip being reflexed, 



while the lower is trifid and spreading ; 

 and the two lower stamens are fertile, 

 very slight rudiments only of the upper 

 ones existing. [W. C.'J 



ZIZYPHUS. The Jujube or Lotus genus 

 of Rhamnaceaz is a rather extensive one, 

 and has a wide geographical range, 

 abounding, however, principally on the 

 j borders of the tropics in the Old World. 

 j Its flowers have a spreading five-cleft 

 i calyx, five small hood-shaped petals, with 

 ' as many stamens opposite and at first en- 

 closed in them ; and a flat somewhat five- 

 angled disk, with the two or three-celled 

 ovary buried in it ; but the genus is chiefly 

 characterised by having a fleshy berry-like 

 fruit, containing a one two or three-celled 

 stone with a single flattened seed in each. 

 The species are mostly stiff shrubs or 

 sometimes small trees, with more or less 

 spiny branches, their alternate three- 

 nerved leaves being furnished with one or 

 two thorny stipules. 



The fruits of several species of this ge- 

 nus have an agreeable flavour. Those of 

 Z. vulgaris are commonly eaten, both in a 

 fresh and dried state, in the countries 

 bordering on the Mediterranean, and afford 

 the Jujubes of the shops ; they are rather 

 acid when rresh, but the dried fruits are 

 more agreeably tasting, and are given to 

 allay cough. The lozenges sold as Jujubes 

 are commonly but erroneously said to be 

 flavoured with them. Z. Jujuba, an Indian 

 species, yields an excellent dessert-fruit, 

 and is largely cultivated by the Chinese, 

 who recognise a great number of varieties, 

 differing in the shape colour and size of 

 the fruits. Those of one variety are called 

 Chinese Dates from their resemblance to 

 that fruit. Z. Lotus is one of the plants 

 supposed to have yielded the seductive 

 sweet fruits from which the ancient Loto- 

 phagi took their name. Another African 

 species, Z. Baclei, is the Lotus mentioned 

 by Mungo Park as being used for making 

 into bread, tasting like gingerbread, and 

 also for the preparation of a pleasant be- 

 verage. Z. spina-Christi is supposed by 

 some to have furnished the crown of 

 thorns put on Our Saviour's head. [A. S.] 

 i ZOADUL^E. The locomotive spores of 

 ; some conferva?. 



ZOSGEA. A genus of Composite allied 



; to Centaurea, and comprising a number of 



annual herbs, the lower leaves of which 



are lobed, the upper ones being narrow 



and entire. The scales of the involucre 



have a membranous toothed appendage to 



their summit; the outer florets are large 



subligulate and neuter, the central ones 



j fertile and tubular; the fruits are com- 



I pressed, and surmounted by a three-rowed 



: pappus— the outer series consisting of 



1 overlapping scales, the middle set of very 



long hairy ones, and the innermost hairy 



and very short. [M. T. M.] 



ZOLLIKOFERIA . A genus of Mediter- 

 ranean herbs of the family Composite. 

 The leaves are pinnately-lobed, the lobes 

 becoming ultimately white and hard at 



