LIFE CYCLE OF PARACYCLOPS 



55 



Coxa 



Basis 



Exopod 



Endopod 



Leg 1 0-0 

 Leg 2 0-0 



1-0 

 1-0 



IV,4 

 IV,3 



1,1+1,3 

 1,1+1,3 



Copepodid II 









Body length : mean ± standard deviation = 455 ±17.2 um (range 

 439 to 488 um, n= 1 0), mean body width 1 68 ± 9. 1 um (range 1 52 

 to 178 urn, n=10). Differing from Copepodid I as follows: body 

 (Fig. 5B) 6-segmented, comprising cephalothorax and 5 

 postcephalothoracic trunk somites. Third trunk somite with 1 

 seta on outer margin representing fourth swimming legs. Last 

 somite with posterior margin spinular rows ventrally and 

 laterally (Fig. 6B). 



Antennule with 3 spinules on first segment. Setal formula; 5, 4, 

 4 + 1 aesthetasc, 3, 7 + 1 aesthetasc (Fig. 7B). 



Antenna 4-segmented (Fig. 8B); basis with spinular row near 

 inner margin. Inner setae set close together at distal angle. 

 Vestigial exopod represented by spinulose seta. First endopodal 

 segment with 1 seta, second with 5 setae along distal margin and 

 bearing small spinular row on outer margin. Third endopodal 

 segment with 6 setae distally, ornamented with spinular row on 

 outer distal margin. 



Coxa of leg 1 with spinulose seta at inner distal angle (Fig. 

 10B). Basis with spinulose seta on inner distal margin 

 ornamented with spinular rows at base of inner seta and 

 posteriorly, between exopod and endopod. Intercoxal sclerite 

 ornamented with setules distally. First segment of exopod with 

 spinular row along outer margin. First and second segments of 

 endopod with pinnules along lateral margins. 



Coxa of leg 2 (Fig. 11B) with naked seta on inner distal 

 margin; ornamented with spinular rows proximally on outer 

 margin of both anterior and posterior surfaces and along outer 

 margin. First segment of exopod with spinular rows laterally 

 and proximally on posterior surface. Exopodal and endopodal 

 segments with pinnules along inner and outer margins 

 respectively. 



Third leg (Fig. 12A) with 2-segmented protopod; coxa with 

 spinular row proximally near outer margin. Basis with naked 

 outer seta; ornamented with tiny spinules at base and hairs along 

 inner margin. Intercoxal sclerite unornamented. Exopod and 

 endopod 1 -segmented, bearing pinnules along inner and outer 

 margins respectively. Spine and seta formula as follows: 



Coxa Basis Exopod 



Endopod 



Leg 1 0-1 

 Leg 2 0-1 

 Leg 3 0-0 



1-0 



1-0 



1-0; 111,5 

 1-0; 111,4 

 IV,3 



0-1; 1,1+1,4 

 0-1; 1,1+1,3 

 1,1+1,3 



aesthetasc. Antenna (Fig. 8C) with spinular row on inner margin 

 of second segment proximally. Second endopodal segment with 

 6 setae. Labrum with long spinular rows along lateral margins 

 distally. 



Exopod of legs 1 (Fig. 10C) and 2 (Fig. 1 1C) with new seta on 

 inner margin of first segment. Intercoxal sclerite of leg 2 

 ornamented with rows of setules on anterior surface. Second 

 endopodal and exopodal segments each with new seta. Coxa of 

 third leg (Fig. 12B) with new seta at inner angle and bearing 

 spinular row on outer margin. Intercoxal sclerite ornamented. 

 Exopod and endopod 2-segmented. Leg 4 (Fig. 13A) with 

 2-segmented protopod; coxa with spinular row on outer margin. 

 Basis with outer angle seta and bearing spinular row on laterally. 

 Exopod and endopod 1 -segmented. Intercoxal sclerite 

 unornamented. Leg 5 (Fig. 6C) represented by 2 setae. Spine and 

 seta formula as follows: 



Coxa Basis Exopod 



Endopod 



Legl 



0-1 



1-1 



I-1;III,5 



0-l;l,l+l,4 



Leg 2 



0-1 



1-0 



I-1;IV,5 



0-l;l,I+l,4 



Leg 3 



0-1 



1-0 



I-0;III,4 



0-1,1,1+1,3 



Leg 4 



0-0 



1-0 



1V,3 



1,1+1,3 



Female copepodid IV 



Body length : mean ± standard deviation = 573 ± 19.5 urn (range 

 547 to 608 urn, n=10), mean body width 200 ± 14 um (range 178 

 to 221 um, n=10). Differing from copepodid III as follows: body 

 (Fig. 5E) 8-segmented with 4-segmented urosome (Fig. 6D); 

 spinular rows present mid-dorsally along posterior margins of 

 urosomites 2 and 3. 



Antennule 6-segmented (Fig. 7D) with entire fourth segment. 

 Setal formula; 11, 4, 5, 4 + 1 aesthetasc, 3, 7 + 1 aesthetasc. 

 Antenna with 2 short spinular rows dorsally on inner side of first 

 segment. Second endopodal segment with 7 setae (Fig. 8D). 

 Mandible with spinular row on ventral margin of coxa. 

 Maxilliped with spinular rows midway along outer margin and 

 on anterior surface near inner setae. 



Legs 1-4 with 2-segmented rami (Figs 10D, 11D, 12C, 13B). 

 Coxa of leg 4 with naked seta at inner angle proximally and 

 spinular row on outer margin. Spine and seta formula as follows: 



Coxa 



Basis Exopod 



Endopod 



Legl 



0-1 



1-1 



I-1;II1,5 



Leg 2 



0-1 



1-0 



I-1;IV,5 



Leg 3 



0-1 



1-0 



I-1;IV.5 



Leg 4 



0-1 



1-0 



I-0;IV,5 



0— 1;1, 1+1,4 

 0-l;l,I+l,5 

 0-l;l,I+l,4 

 0-l;l,II,3 



Leg 5 with 3 setae; leg 6 represented by 2 simple setae at 

 posterolateral angle of second urosomite (Fig. 6D) 



Copepodid III 



Body length : mean ± standard deviation = 51 1 ± 22.8 um (range 

 478 to 534 um, n=10), mean body width 179 ± 5.3 um (range 173 

 to 186 um, n=10). Differing from copepodid II as follows: body 

 (Fig. 5C) 7-segmented, comprising 4-segmented prosome 

 bearing swimming legs 1 to 4, and 3-segmented urosome (Fig. 

 6C). 



Antennule 6-segmented (Fig. 7C): fourth segment partly 

 divided. Setal formula: 6, 2, 5, 4 + 1 aesthetasc, 3, 7 + 1 



Male copepodid IV 



Body length, (range 565 to 643 um, n=2), body width, (range 195 

 to 204 um, n=2). Differing from female Copepodid IV as 

 follows: anterior part of body (Fig. 5D) not much broader than 

 posterior compared with female; constriction between somites 

 bearing 4th and 5th legs (Fig. 14A) not as distinct. 



Appendages as in female fourth copepodid except as follows: 

 antennule 6-segmented (Fig. 15A) but segment 3 broader. 

 Segments 3 and 4 with distinctive short spiniform setation 



