34 



pa. Mclaughlin and p.f. clark 



There is little information accompanying these latter specimens 

 except the locality, Blakang mati, Singapore, and the collectors, 

 Bedford and Lanchester. However, as mentioned by Lanchester 

 (1900a) and Ingle (1991), Bedford and Lanchester collected in the 

 Straits Settlements (Singapore and Malacca) during a seven month 

 period (1899-1900). Francis P. Bedford was an echinoderm special- 

 ist, but collected on that occasion with Lanchester (Ingle, 1991). 

 William F. Lanchester is best known in the British carcinological 

 community for his publications on the Brachyura from Singapore 

 and Malacca, the Crustacea of Malaysia from the collections of the 

 Karawak Museum and those of the 'Skeaf Expedition to Malaysia 

 (Lanchester, 1900a, 1900b, 1901; Ingle, 1991). Lanchester's (1900a) 

 report 'On a collection of crustaceans made at Singapore and 

 Malacca. — Part I. Crustacea Brachyura', suggested that a second 

 part, dealing with the other Crustacea, was planned, but apparently 

 was never published. Although the brachyuran crabs from the Singa- 

 pore collection were acquired by the Natural History Museum in 

 1 900 (reg. 1 900. 10.22); these particular hermit crabs were not added 

 to the registry until 1905. 



The second part of Lanchester's report on the Crustacea from the 

 'Skeat' Expedition to Malaysia (Lanchester, 1902) did deal with the 

 Anomura, Cirripedia, and Isopoda, and included the descriptions of 

 two new species of Diogenes, i.e.,D. desipiens Lanchester, 1902 and 

 D. mixtus Lanchester, 1 902, and one lot each of specimens attributed 

 to Diogenes senex, D. rectimanus Miers, 1884, and D. planimanus 

 Henderson, 1 893. McLaughlin and Haig ( 1 995 ) expressed the belief 

 that Lanchester's (1902) D. senex might correctly represent a spe- 

 cies of the Troglopagurus group of Diogenes (cf. Forest, 1952). 



All of Lanchester's (1902) Diogenes species from the 'Skeat' 

 Expedition in the collections of the University Museum of Zoology, 

 Cambridge (UMZC) were examined during the present study and 

 despite a thorough search, the single male specimen upon which 

 Lanchester based his description of D. desipiens could not be 

 located. Correspondence between Lanchester and then Superin- 

 tendent S.F. Harmer, and a list of Crustacea from the expedition 

 identified by Lanchester appear in volume V of the University 

 Museum's 'History of the Collection'. Only D, desipiens is absent 

 from that list, which suggests strongly that it was never registered at 

 the Museum (R. Symonds, pers. comm.). Consequently, searches 

 were made of the collections of the BMNH and those of the National 

 University of Singapore. Both failed to locate Lanchester's speci- 

 men, and it must be presumed that it is no longer extant. 



As indicated above, the BMNH's Singapore specimens attributed 

 to D. senex are described herein as a new species of Diogenes. 

 Lanchester's (1902) Malay D. senex is, as suspected by McLaughlin 

 and Haig (1995), a species of the Troglopagurus group of Diogenes, 

 i.e. , Diogenes stenops Morgan and Forest 199 1 . Lanchester's ( 1 902) 

 description of D. mixtus consisted of little more than a comparison 

 with three other species. It is now redescribed from the type materi- 

 als and one additional specimen from Malaysia. Both Lanchester's 

 (1902) D. rectimanus and D. planimanus have been compared with 

 type material of their respective taxa. His D. rectimanus is repre- 

 sented by two different taxa, D. avarus Heller, 1 865, and a species 

 subsequently described by Forest ( 1 956) as D. goniochirus Forest; 

 hisD. planimanus includes specimens of bothD. planimanus andD. 

 intermedius De Man, 1 892. 



Notwithstanding the length of Miers' (1884) description, neither 

 it nor his figures are particularly diagnostic, which may account for 

 Lanchester's (1902) confusion. Consequently, the holotype of D. 

 rectimanus, also in the collection of the BMNH, is redescribed. De 

 Man's (1892) original description of D. intermedius was based on 

 the comparison of a single specimen (sex not indicated) from Pare 

 Pare, Celebes (Sudawesi, Indonesia), that seemed to differ from the 



presumed type specimens of D. custos (Fabricius, 1798) and D. 

 miles (Fabricius, 1787), but incorrectly attributed to H. Milne 

 Edwards (1837). De Man (1892) was sufficiently uncertain about 

 the singularity of his specimen that he described it simply as 

 Diogenes sp. with the notation that should it prove to be a species 

 distinct from D. custos it should be called D. intermedius. Although 

 he provided a rather detailed description, it essentially indicated the 

 differences between his specimen and D. custos, and was not 

 accompanied by any illustrations. Until now, subsequent reports 

 have not been based on material. The nomenclatural status of the 

 species name Diogenes intermedius De Man, 1892, is compromised 

 because it is preoccupied by Diogenes pugilator var. intermedius 

 Bouvier, 1891. This matter is resolved by proposing a replacement 

 name for De Man's taxon. 



Although the type specimen of D. desipiens has not been located. 

 Lanchester's (1902) description and illustrations have been care- 

 fully examined. It is our opinion that D. desipiens is not a species of 

 Diogenes, but rather of Paguristes, and in fact is a junior subjective 

 synonym of Paguristes hians Henderson, 1888. A comparison of 

 Henderson's taxon, based on its holotype and supplemental mate- 

 rial, with Lanchester's (1902) account, provides justification for our 

 synonymy. 



MATERIALS AND METHODS 



The new species of Diogenes comes from the Bedford and Lanchester 

 collection housed in the BMNH. The syntypes of Diogenes mixtus, 

 the Malaysian specimens assigned to D. senex, and the specimens 

 identified by Lanchester (1902) asD. rectimanus andD. planimanus 

 have been borrowed from the University of Cambridge collection. 

 The holotype of Diogenes rectimanus, the specimen herein desig- 

 nated lectotype of D. planimanus, the holotype of Paguristes hians, 

 two paralectotypes of D. goniochirus, and the additional specimen 

 of Diogenes mixtus from Kuching, Malaysia, are in the BMNH 

 collection. The holotype of D. intermedius has been borrowed from 

 the Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie (Zoologisch Museum), 

 Universiteit van Amsterdam (ZMA). Four paratypes of D. stenops, 

 borrowed from the Western Australian Museum (WAM), have been 

 compared to verify our determination of Lanchester's (1902) 'D. 

 senex' . One measurement, shield length (SL), measured from the 

 midpoint of the anterior margin of the shield to the midpoint of the 

 posterior margin provides an indication of specimen size. Photo- 

 graphs all were taken with Nikon 35 mm cameras equipped with a 

 Medical Nikkor 1 :5.6/F=200 or Micro Nikkor Auto 1 :3.5/F=55 mm 

 lens. 



SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT 



Diogenes inglei sp. nov. 



(Figs la-e, 2a-d, 10a) 



MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype. Ovigerous 9 (SL = 1.46 

 mm), in 'shell' which actually is fragment of worm tube; Blakang 

 mati, Singapore, 1899, collectors, F. Bedford and W F. Lanchester, 

 BMNH 1905.10.21.33. Paratypes. 2 9 , 1 ovigerous 9 (SL = 1.13- 

 1.52 mm), same locality, date and collectors, BMNH 

 1905.10.21.34-36. 



DIAGNOSIS. Shield surface (Fig. la) anteriorly and laterally 



