118 



This Miocene species from Blanche Point, Aldinga Bay, South 

 Australia, is very similar to the Recent Cardiolucina crassilirata 

 (Tate). 



Linga (Bellucina) gonzalesi Shuto,1971 (pp. 30-31; Plate 

 1 figs 8,1 1,13-17; text fig. 6) 



Described from the Lower Pliocene Cabatuan Formation of Panay 

 Island, Philippines. This species is well described and illustrated. It 

 has about eight prominent, radial ribs with a fenestrate ornament like 

 the RecentCardiolucina eucosmia, C. pisiformis and C siquijorensis. 

 The intersections of the radial ribs and concentric lamellae are 

 'strongly granulated', a feature found in none of the three Recent 

 species. 



Lucinapolli Icke & Martin, 1907. (p. 250, plate 18 figs 40, 

 40a) 



Described from the Pliocene of Nias Island, Indonesia. From the 

 illustrations, this is a definite Cardiolucina species with fine radial 

 ribbing and prominent concentric lamellae, similar in form to C. 

 rugosa. 



Cardiolucina agassizi var. regularior Sacco, 1904 (p. 90, 

 pi. 20 figs. 40-42) and var. constricta Sacco, 1904 (p. 90 pi. 

 20 fig. 43). 



Without a morphological analysis of C. agassizi populations it is 

 difficult to evaluate these names, but they would seem to be forms of 

 a variable species. 



SPECIES EXCLUDED FROM CARDIOLUCINA. 



Listed under original generic assignments as published. 



Phacoides (Bellucina) actinus Dall, 1903: 1385, pi. 52 fig. 

 3. Also Woodring (1925: 126-127; pi. 17 figs 5-8). 



Described from the middle Miocene Bowden Formation of Jamaica, 

 this species has 16-22 radial ribs and fine concentric lamellae. 

 However, the lunule is lanceolate and the hinge different from 

 Cardiolucina species. We consider that it may belong to the same 

 clade as Radiolucina amianta (Dall) (see below). 



Phacoides (Bellucina) amiantus Dall, 1901: 826-7, pi. 39 

 fig.10. 



Although Dall included this Caribbean species in Bellucina and 

 Bretsky ( 1 976) used it as the basis of her diagnosis of the genus, it 

 differs in many features from the type species of Cardiolucina and 

 Bellucina. Britton (1972) discussed this at some length and pro- 

 posed the new generic name Radiolucina with R amiantus as the 

 type species. 



Phacoides (Bellucina) tuomeyi Dall, 1903: 1385, pi. 52 

 fig. I- 



Described from the late Miocene Duplin Marl of North Carolina, 

 this species is similar to the Recent Radiolucina amianta (Dall). 



Phacoides (Bellucina) waccamawensis Dall, 1903: 1385, 

 pi. 52 fig. 2. 



Described from the Pliocene Waccamaw Formation of South Caro- 

 lina, this species is closely similar to the Recent Radiolucina ami- 



J.D. TAYLOR AND E.A. GLOVER 

 anta (Dall) and was tentatively synonymised by Bretsky (1976). 



Phacoides peritaphros Barnard, 1964: 476-477 fig. 22. 

 Syntypes: BMNH 1964264 



Although Barnard regarded this southern African species as allied to 

 Cardiolucina lamothei (Dautzenberg), it lacks radial riblets, has a 

 shallow, open lunule and is more anteriorly extended. This species is 

 similar in many features to Cavilinga trisulcata (Conrad, 1841) (see 

 Olsson and Harbison 1953, pl.7 fig. 4), the type species of the genus 

 Cavilinga Chavan, 1937. 



Lucina cancellaris Philippi, 1846: 21. 



This is a West American twin species to the Caribbean Radiolucina 

 amianta. Keen (1971, p. 121) points out that 'Dall unfortunately 

 assigned this species and its Caribbean twinL. amianta (DM, 1901 ), 

 to the subgenus Bellucina, the type of which is an Indian Ocean form 

 only superficially similar, and American authors have been slow to 

 recognise the error.' 



Lucina pulchella Lynge, 1909: 173, pi 3 figs. 13-15. 



Lynge compared this species with L. seminula Gould, L. pisum 

 Reeve and L. semperiana Issel. We examined the type material 

 (Zoological Museum, Copenhagen) which has a different ribbing 

 pattern from any Cardiolucina and lacks posterior and anterior sulci. 

 This species may be an Epicodakia. 



Lucina valida Smith, 1904: p.40 pl.3 fig. 19. 



This southern African species is very similar to and a probable senior 

 synonym of Phacoides peritaphros Barnard. Syntypes: BMNH 

 1903.12.19.1270^1. 



Cardiolucina striatula var. taurotrigona Sacco, 1901: 90, 

 pi. 20 fig. 44-47. 



Cardiolucina striatula var. ovatuloides Sacco, 1901 90 pi. 

 20 fig. 48. 



Cardiolucina taurocrenulata Sacco, 1901: 90 pi. 20 fig. 50. 



C. taurocrenulata var. aviculina Sacco, 1901: 90 pi. 20 

 figs 51 & 52. 



Cardiolucina oligobliqua Sacco, 1901: 91 pi. 20 fig. 53. 



All these taxa were described from the Miocene of Italy. They have 

 concentric ornament only and differ in shape from the type species. 

 In our opinion these taxa should all be excluded from Cardiolucina. 



RELATIONSHIPS AMONGST THE SPECIES 



In an attempt to establish relationships amongst the Cardiolucina 

 species a preliminary phylogenetic analysis using parsimony was 

 performed using a set of 12 shell characters. We used PAUP version 

 3.0, with further interpretation of characters with McClade version 

 3.04. Although it would have been desirable to include anatomical 

 characters these were available for only two species. We selected as 

 an outgroup the northeastern Pacific Parvilucina tenuisculpta (Car- 

 penter, 1864), the type species of the genus Parvilucina. Since the 



