REVISION OF SIMOCEPHALUS DAPHNIIDAE 
S. serrulatus (Koch, 1841) 
Figs 39-42 
Daphnia serrulata Koch, 1841: 35; D. brandtii Fischer, 1848: 177; 
D. intermedia Lievin, 1848: 29; Simocephalus serrulatus: Schodler, 
1858; Simocephalus americanus Birge, 1878; S. capensis Sars, 
1895: 15; S. inflatus Vavra, 1900: 12; 8. serrulatus var. productifrons 
Stingelin, 1904: 57; S. serrulatus var. montenegrinus Werestchagin, 
1912: 7; S. serrulatus var. mixta Grochmalicki, 1915: 220 (nec S. 
mixtus Sars, 1903); S. serrulatus var. rotundifrons Brehm, 1933: 54; 
S. kerhervei Bergamin, 1939: 63; S. agua-brankai Bergamin, 1939: 
64: S. serrulatus var. armata Brehm, 1956: 221; S. serrulatus var. 
pelagicus Brehm, 1959; S. surekhae Rane, 1985a: 159. 
TYPE MATERIAL. The types appear to be lost. No type locality is 
indicated in the original description. Probably it is in Germany. 
MATERIAL EXAMINED. (Fig. 43) Type material of junior synonyms: 
S. serrulatus montenegrinus Werestchagin, 1912: Lectotype (desig- 
nated by Orlova-Bienkowskaja (1995a)): Montenegro, Lake Scutari, 
15. 6. 1911, leg. Werestchagin : MPA: 9 ad. (ZICC, 7085). 
Paralectotypes collected with lectotype: MPA: 39 Qad., 2 juv 
(ZICC, 7085, 7086), Montenegro, vicinity of Rijeka, leg. 
Werestchagin: CBS: 22 Qad.,22 Qjuv. (ZICW). S. capensis Sars, 
1895: Lectotype (designated by Orlova-Bienkowskaja (1995a)): 

41 
SouthAfrica, Knysna, hatched from dry epphipia: MPA: 9 ad. (ZMO, 
F 18357). Paralectotypes collected with lectotype: MPA: 15 9 Q ad., 
102 Qjuv., 82 Qe. (ZMO, F 18357), 160°C (ZMO, F 183578). 
Other specimens: about 1500 specimens (@ @ad., 9 Qjuv.,? Pe. 
ando’o’) from Russia, Kazakhstan, China, India, Bangladesh, Viet- 
Nam, Burkina Faso, Central Africa, Niger, Nigeria, Mauritania, 
Sudan, Canada, U.S.A., Guatemala, Nicaragua, Argentina, Brasil, 
Australia (ZICW, ZIPD, AM, AC). More percise geographical data 
have been published previously (Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 1995a). 
DIAGNOSIS. Measurements. 9 9 ad.: 1.0-2.0mm,@ Qe. 1.0- 
1.5mm, o": 0.7—1.0mm. 
Female. Dorso-posterior valve prominence large, separated from the 
rest of valves by deep embayment. Its length exceeds the diameter of 
a circle inscribed in its contour. Denticles cover the ventral, posterior 
and more than 1/3 of the dorsal margin. Ocellus short. Frons with 
denticles. Setae of 2nd and 3rd endite prominence of 2nd trunk limb 
as long as 0.3 and 0.9 of the basal segment of plumose seta of Ist 
prominence respectively. 
DISTRIBUTION. (Fig. 43) Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, 
South America, Australia. 
REMARKS. Fig. 41 shows the interpopulational variability of head 
height, and size and shape of the dorso-posterior valve angle. A 
number of subspecies and even separate species have been described 











Tie 
cp 
Ly 
ZOE 


Ki Beste 
“OOF " 
“ppl 
j 

Ne RS 
MW 
VWi7/NZIS 
Fig. 42S. serrulatus, female. A, antennule, lateral, B, antennule, dorsal, C, Ist trunk limb, D, endite of 2nd trunk limb. 
