130 



H.W. PALM AND T. WALTER 



Fig. 9 Mature proglottid of Kotorella pronosoma (Nybelinia herdmani). Scale bar= 1 00 urn. 



Table 1 Scolex measurements (in um) of Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901) Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 and Nybelinia herdmani (Shipley & Hornell, 

 1906) (n=number of specimens examined) 



species 



Kotorella pronosoma 



Nybelinia herdmani 



Author / 

 Year 



Euzet & Radujkovic 

 (1989) 



Shipley & Hornell 

 (1906) 



Pintner 

 (1930) 



Present study 



n 



2 



Scolex length: 



650 



Scolex width 1 



- 



Pars bothridialis 



380 



Pars vaginalis 



550 



Pars bulbosa 



110 



Bulb length 



100 



Bulb width 



60 



Velum 



140 



Bulb length/bulb width 



1,6: 1 



pbo/pv/pb.. 



3,5 : 5 : 1 



Tentacle length 



250-275 



Tentacle width 



12-15 



3 /4 



1000 



80-100 

 Short 



900 (880) 2 — 1000 



600 (570-630) 

 615(590-640) 

 155(150-160) 

 160(140-180) 



110(90-130) 



160(140-180) 



1,5: 1 



3,9 : 4,0 : 1 



980 (900-1060) 

 374 (297-450) 

 610 (570-650) 

 615 (590-640) 

 192(188-195) 

 170(160-180) 

 100(90-110) 

 160(140-180) 



1,7: 1 



3,2 : 3,2 : 1 



308 (260-357) 



16-29 



1 Maximum width 



2 Pintner (1930) in Dollfus (1942) 



drawings by Dollfus (1942) are considered to belong to N. africana, 

 N. africana has now been reported to occur all around Africa, from 

 the Mediterranean, the Gulf of Suez and the north-west and south- 

 east African coasts (Dollfus, 1942, 1960, Palm etal., 1997). Similarly, 

 Kotorella pronosoma (N. herdmani) is known to occur in the Medi- 

 terranean (Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989) and in the Indian Ocean 

 (Shipley & Hornell, 1906). This indicates not only a transoceanic 

 distribution pattern for the tentaculariid trypanorhynch species within 

 the genera Tentacularia and Nybelinia but also for Kotorella. Thus, 

 it seems that the tentaculariid trypanorhynchs sensu Palm (1995, 

 1997) not only demonstrate a remarkable morphological uniformity 

 within the family but also a similar distribution pattern, indicating a 



similar life cycle biology. This supports the suppression of the 

 family Kotorellidae Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989, as proposed by 

 Campbell & Beveridge (1994) and Palm (1995, 1997). 



The synonymy of Nybelinia herdmani with Kotorella pronosoma 

 demonstrates the high similarity between species belonging to these 

 two tentaculariid genera. However, in K pronosoma, the basal 

 hooks with a diamond shaped basal plate also demonstrate a similar- 

 ity to the basal hooks of Tentacularia coryphaenae Bosc, 1797 (see 

 Figs 2-4 in Palm, 1995). Additionally, a wide space between the 

 elongated bothridia appears to be characteristic only for these two 

 genera, which is in contrast to more triangular and more tightly 

 spaced bothridia within the genus Nybelinia. These differences still 



