EAR REDUCTION IN IGUANIAN LIZARDS 



Tympanocryptis Oriental agamids 



167 



X. cephalus 



Ceratophora 



X. lineata 

 T. intima. 



5b 



6b 

 4 

 3 



1ab 



5c 



Lvriocephalus 

 Cophotis ^ 



L parviceps . 





2b 



T. adelaidensis 

 T. diemensis. 



6b 



4 



1b 



Aphianotis - 



3 

 2b 



Primitive oriental 

 agamids- 



P. vlanaali 





P. theobaldi 





P. roborowski 



P. axillaris 



6a \ 



/6a 



5b \ 



/ 5b 



Most species. 



6b 

 5c 



P arabicus ^ 

 P maculatus. 



Fig. 2 Pattern of ear reduction in Tympanocryptis (Agamidae). 



and in the clade made up of Aphaniotis, Lyriocephalus, Cophotis and 

 Ceratophora (Agamidae). 



Abbreviations: l . depressor mandibulae moves forwards, a - slightly, b. 

 extensively. 2. Tympanum covered, largely -a, entirely - b; 3. columella 

 robust. 4. tympanum disappears. 5. buccal opening to the middle ear 

 reduced, a - somewhat, b - strongly, c - very small or absent. 6. Pars 

 inferior of extracolumella reduced, a - somewhat, b - strongly or absent. 



5a 



4 



P mystaceus 



2b 



Bufoniceps - 



Cophosaurus 



Holbrookia 



Trapelus - 



4 

 2b 



Callisaurus- 



3 



2a 



lb 



1a 



Fig. 3 Pattern of ear reduction in Phiynocephalus and its relatives 

 (Agamidae). For abbreviations see Fig. 2. 



Fig. 4 Pattern of ear reduction in phrynosomatid sand lizards 

 (Phrynosomatidae). For abbreviations see Fig. 2. 



