PARACYCLOPS REVISION 



13 



remote island (Dumont & Martens, 1996). P. oligarthrus (G. O. 

 Sars, 1909) occurs only in Lake Tanganyika. 



The lack of sufficient detail in the original description of the 

 type-species P. fimbriates (Fischer, 1853) and the publication of 

 various incompletely described species or forms that are closely 

 related to the type-species has created considerable taxonomic 

 confusion. This has been exacerbated by the use of a limited set of 

 traditional characters for differentiating between species within 

 the genus, such as the morphology of the caudal rami and leg 5. 

 The P. fimbriatus complex is a particular problem and has been 

 addressed in a separate paper in which a neotype is designated for 

 P. fimbriatus and P. fimbriatus, P. chiltoni and P. imminutus Kiefer. 

 1929 are all redescribed (Karaytug & Boxshall, in press a). Most 

 early records of Paracyclops species are unreliable (Karaytug, 

 1998). 



The genus now contains 26 species and 2 subspecies. P. fimbriatus 

 is the type species of the genus. The redescription of P. fimbriatus 

 (Karaytug & Boxshall, in press a) from a neotype collected from one 

 of the type localities has stabilised the taxonomy of P. fimbriatus and 

 its closely related species P. chiltoni (Thomson, 1882) and P. 

 imminutus Kiefer 1929. Two new species, P. longispina and P. 

 altissimus, from Africa are described elsewhere (Karaytug et al., in 

 press). No material of P. aioiensis Ito, 1957. P. itenoi Ito, 1962, P. 

 timmsi Kiefer, 1969, P. fimbriatus pawpamisi Lindberg, 1960, P. 

 eucyclopoides Kiefer, 1929, P. fimbriatus euchaetus Kiefer, 1939 

 could be obtained. The remaining species of Paracyclops are exam- 

 ined in this paper in detail including numerous previously overlooked 

 microcharacters that have significant taxonomic value at the species 

 level. Only partial redescriptions of P. smileyi Strayer. 1988, P. 

 dilatatus Lindberg, 1952 and P. pilosus Dussart, 1984 were possible 

 due to the poor condition of the original slides. Four new species are 

 recognized; P. reidae sp. nov., P. rochai sp. nov., P. punctatus sp. 

 nov., and P. bromeliacola sp. nov. 



MATERIALS AND METHODS 



Specimens were dissected and mounted in lactophenol. Broken 

 glass-fibres were added to prevent the appendages from being 

 compressed by the coverslip and to facilitate rotation and manipula- 

 tion which allowed viewing from all sides. All drawings were made 

 with the aid of a camera Iucida using an Olympus BH-2 microscope 

 with Nomarski differential interference contrast and all measure- 

 ments made with an ocular micrometer. Body lengths were measured 

 from the base of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the caudal rami. 

 Body width is given as the widest part of the cephalothorax. In the 

 spine and seta formula of the swimming legs Roman numerals and 

 Arabic numerals are used for spines and setae, respectively. The 

 terminology proposed by Huys & Boxshall (1991) is adopted. The 

 new nomenclature system for the setation elements of caudal rami 

 was established by Huys (1988) who identified 7 setae (Figure 

 2B): anterolateral accessory seta (I) is usually missing in mem- 

 bers of the family Cyclopidae but is present in some, for example 

 Metacyclops pseudoanceps (Boxshall & Braide, 1991), II - the 

 anterolateral seta, III - the posterolateral seta, IV - the outer 

 terminal seta, V - the inner terminal seta, VI - the terminal 

 accessory seta, VII - the dorsal seta. The terminology proposed 

 by Karaytug & Boxshall (in press b) to identify the individual 

 setae on the first segment of male antennule is used. The terms 

 'frontal' and 'caudal' introduced by Van de Velde (1984) to denote 

 the anterior and posterior surfaces of the antennary coxobasis are 

 adopted here. 



SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS 



Paracyclops affinis (G. O. Sars, 1863) 

 (Figures 1-7) 



Cyclops affinis Sars, 1863: Brady (1878), Vosseler (1886), Schmeil 



(1892). Brady (1892), Van Douwe (1909), Lilljeborg (1901). 

 Cyclops pygmaeus Rehberg. 1 880 



Cyclops (Heterocyclops) affinis Sars, 1863: Claus (1893a) 

 Platycyclops affinis (Sars, 1913-18): Lowndes (1930, 1932) 

 Paracyclops sitiseiensis Harada. 1931: Kiefer (1938) 

 Cyclops (Paracyclops) affinis Sars, 1863: Gurney (1933) 



Original DESCRIPTION. Cyclops affinis Sars, 1 863: Fork. VidensL- 

 Selskab. Christiana (Jahr 1862); p. 256. 



Type locality. Norway 



TYPE MATERIAL. Three specimens of P. affinis collected by Sars 

 including 1 slide ( 1 female. Reg. No: F 7380 Zool. Mus. Oslo); one 

 tube with 1 cf and 1 cop. V 9 ( Reg. No: F 20480) examined. Since 

 the locality data of Sars' material are not known precisely, the 

 redescription of P. affinis is based on all material examined. 



Other material examined 



- The Natural History Museum. London: 22 9 9 . lcf fromRingmere, 

 England, Reg. No: 1950. 9. 20. 194. Coll: R. Gurney: Calthorpe, 

 England. 3 9 9,1 cf , BMNH 1950. 9. 20. 193; Norfolk, England, 

 169 9. 2cfcf. BMNH 1937. 11. 16. 619; Devon, England, 

 2 9 9. Norman coll., BMNH 1911. 11.8.40555-556. 



- Germany, Karlsruhe, 1 9 dissected on 2 slides, coll: Kiefer in 

 1935. 



- The Natural History Museum, London: 1 9. lcffrom Upsala, 

 Sweden, Norman coll.. BMNH 191 1. 11.8. 40550-554. 



- The Natural History Museum, London: lcffrom Palestine, 

 BMNH 1938. 3. 9. 83-89 (1030). 



- Japan. 3 9 9. Hokkaido, coll: T. Ishida on 4 Nov 1987; 299. 

 Ryuky; Lake Biwa, 5 9 9 dissected on 5 slides; Desaru Beach, 

 Malaya (0 o 21'N. 104°4'E), 2 9 9 undissected and mounted on 1 

 slide, 1 9 dissected on 1 slide; Abiro, Hokkaido, 1 9 dissected on 

 I slide (42°48'N, 141°50'E); R. Hichi, 2 9 9. lcf dissected on 3 

 slides. 



- Ethiopia. 1 slide ( 1 &), Lac Haik. Coll: C. H. Fernando on 1 1 

 Aug. 1984. Dissected on 1 slide: Urosome (dorsally), leg 4 

 (anteriorly) and antennule could be examined but all other ap- 

 pendages were in poor condition. 



Redescription of adult female 



Body length and width not including caudal setae given in Table 

 1. Genital double-somite, second and third abdominal somites 

 with dorsal surface ridges extending round sides to ventral surface 

 as figured (Figure 2A.B). Seminal receptacle divided into broad 

 butterfly-shaped anterior and posterior lobes (Figure 2A). Anal 

 cleft with irregularly arranged spinules (Figure 2B.D). Caudal 

 rami short, about twice as long as broad (Figure 2A,B); outer 

 terminal seta (IV) and inner terminal seta (V) with complex 

 spinular ornamentation (Figure 1C); spinular row at base of ante- 

 rolateral seta (II) extending proximally near inner margin, almost 

 halfway along ramus; terminal accessory seta (VI) shorter than 

 posterolateral seta (III). 



Antennule 1 1 -segmented (Figure 3C). Segment 6 with spiniform 

 seta. Segment 9 with aesthetasc (Figure 3C). Setal formula 8, 4, 2, 6, 

 4, 2, 2, 3, 4 + aesthetasc, 2 + aesthetasc, 7 + aesthetasc. Coxobasis of 

 antenna with complex ornamentation on caudal and frontal surfaces 

 as figured (Figure 3A.B); with spinular row near inner setae (arrowed 



