REVIEW OF DISPHOLIDINI WITH NEW TANZANIAN GENUS AND SPECIES 



67 



Table 2 Adult Dispholidini compared with Philothamnini: visceral characters as % snout-vent length 



GS 



n 



U-V 



Hy 



HLG 



HLI 



L 



LMP 



LGBG 



LGBI 



GBMP 



GBGG 



GBKG 



TGMP 



GKI 



TA 



TAMP 



TMP 



RL 



PT 



LL 



PA 



55 



8.6 



8.1 



7.3 



29.0 



18.8 



42.8 



3.5 



24.2 



56.6 



11.7 



23.9 



79.7 



23.7 







13.7 



76.9 



95.5 



1.4 



HL 



24 



7.9 



14.6 



9.0 



29.0 



17.3 



45.6 



10.3 



29.3 



65.3 



10.1 



20.2 



79.8 



22.1 







14.6 



76.1 



98.1 



1.4 



HS 



30 



6.8 



11.4 



8.8 



29.3 



17.7 



46.6 



5.6 



29.5 



66.2 



17.0 



22.1 



83.2 



20.0 



1.2 



84.7 



15.1 



78.4 



97.9 



0.8 



TF 



5 



8.2 



7.7 



8.8 



25.2 



14.2 



45.6 



6.2 



22.6 



60.0 



11.3 



23.3 



77.4 



24.4 



3.2 



77.9 



15.5 



68.4 



97.5 



2.6 



TJ 



15 



8.9 



7.2 



8.7 



26.6 



15.5 



44.5 



7.7 



20.0 



52.6 



9.8 



23.4 



76.1 



26.3 



5.3 



74.0 



14.6 



69.5 



96.4 



2.9 



TO 



2 



7.8 



6.7 



9.9 



26.0 



14.0 



43.9 



7.5 



23.0 



59.2 



8.8 



25.1 



76.1 



28.2 



2.6 



75.8 



14.1 



71.9 



97.6 



5.3 



TS 



2 



9.2 



10.7 



9.3 



26.9 



14.8 



44.8 



9.0 



25.0 



61.7 



7.3 



20.8 



76.0 



27.2 



4.6 



77.0 



14.8 



68.6 



96.4 



3.9 



RA 



12 



7.4 



10.2 



7.4 



27.1 



17.4 



44.0 



5.3 



24.4 



58.8 



12.5 



27.3 



79.0 



25.3 



3.9 



79.6 



14.5 



69.3 



96.3 



1.2 



RB 



2 



9.0 



9.9 



7.6 



30.0 



20.1 



45.1 



7.1 



28.4 



62.8 



13.4 



23.6 



79.6 



20.4 



2.9 



80.4 



14.3 



71.4 



97.7 



1.4 



DT 



12 



10.1 



9.0 



7.3 



29.0 



19.0 



44.1 



7.2 



27.5 



61.7 



7.7 



18.8 



77.0 



35.1 



2.9 



69.7 



14.2 



70.5 



96.3 



2.3 



DP 



1 



9.6 



6.4 



6.0 



30.2 



21.7 



42.9 



5.5 



28.5 



59.9 



12.1 



27.5 



79.5 



27.6 



4.9 



77.5 



13.6 



71.8 



96.6 



1.3 



TC 



4 



11.4 



8.2 



7.1 



31.9 



22.3 



44.2 



7.8 



31.8 



64.0 



8.2 



18.6 



78.6 



23.4 



3.0 



79.9 



13.6 



71.0 



96.1 



1.3 



TK 



13 



9.9 



7.1 



7.2 



32.2 



22.8 



47.8 



6.4 



31.0 



66.5 



10.5 



21.6 



82.7 



20.2 



2.2 



83.8 



15.2 



67.2 



95.7 



1.1 



TM 



5 



9.4 



7.2 



6.9 



36.3 



26.9 



45.7 



4.5 



33.3 



64.6 



9.3 



19.3 



80.5 



21.9 



2.5 



81.6 



13.4 



72.5 



96.9 



1.5 



TU 



3 



12.5 



7.2 



6.5 



34.0 



25.5 



44.9 



6.0 



33.2 



64.5 



10.5 



20.8 



80.5 



20.8 



1.8 



81.8 



13.4 



71.1 



96.0 



1.0 



XU 



2 



11.6 



7.8 



5.7 



35.8 



27.8 



46.0 



0.1 



29.3 



60.7 



10.7 



26.4 



77.7 



25.4 



4.9 



78.5 



13.8 



68.6 



93.4 



1.4 



(GS = genus/species: PA = Philothamnus angolensis, HL = Hapsidophrys lineatus, HS = Hapsidophrys smaragdinus, TF = Thrasops flavigularis, TJ = Thrasops jacksonii, TO 

 = Thrasops occidentalis, TS = Thrasops schmidti, RA = Rhamnophis aethiopissa, RB = Rhamnophis batesii; DT = Dispholidus typus, DP = Dispholidus 'pemba', TC = 

 Thelotornis capensis, TK = Thelotornis kirtlandii, TM = Thelotomis mossambicanus, TU = Thelotornis usambaricus, XU = Xyelodontophis uluguruensis; n = sample size. UV 

 = umbilical scar to vent as c k total ventrals, Hy = hyoid posterior tip. HLG = heart-liver gap. HLI = heart-liver interval. L = liver length. LMP = liver midpoint, LGBG = liver- 

 gall bladder gap. LGBI = liver-gall bladder interval, GBMP = gall bladder midpoint. GBGG = gall bladder-gonad gap. GBKG = gall bladder-kidney gap. TGMP = total gonad 

 midpint. GKI = gonad-kidney interval, TA = total adrenal length, TAMP = total adrenal midpoint, TMP = trachea midpoint, RL = right lung length, PT = right lung posterior 

 tip, LL = left lung length). 



Table 3 Adult Dispholidini compared with Philothamnini: visceral characters as ratios 



GS 



R/LSA 



K/L 



RK/L 



LK/RK 



KOL 



NTR 



AL/LL 



RB/LL 



LB 



SS/DV 



V/S 



LL/RL 



LW/LL 



PA 



0.39 



0.39 



0.37 



0.83 



0.76 



72 



0.54 



1 .00 



2.83 



0.19 



0.18 



0.02 



0.42 



HL 



0.36 



0.68 



0.67 



0.83 



0.80 



75 



- 



0.41 



0.53 



0.14 



0.17 



0.02 



0.30 



HS 



0.39 



0.49 



0.47 



0.85 



0.77 



101 



- 



0.23 



0.56 



0.13 



0.16 



0.01 



0.42 



TF 



0.33 



0.88 



0.66 



0.83 



0.38 



90 



0.31 



0.13 



0.60 



0.09 



0.25 



0.04 



0.21 



TJ 



0.41 



0.70 



0.57 



0.75 



0.40 



92 



0.36 



o.:i 



0.67 



0.10 



0.23 



0.04 



0.22 



TO 



0.37 



0.86 



0.71 



0.75 



0.45 



120 



0.24 



0.10 







0. 1 1 



0.24 



0.08 



0.13 



TS 



0.20 



0.93 



0.82 



0.78 



0.50 



89 



0. 1 3 



0.11 



0.50 



0.10 



0.26 



0.06 



0.29 



RA 



0.29 



0.48 



0.50 



0.69 



0.48 



76 



0.87 



0.24 



1.45 



0.10 



0.16 



0.02 



0.26 



RB 



0.22 



0.48 



0.46 



0.81 



0.76 



79 



1.00 



0.19 



1.67 



0.13 



0.15 



0.02 



0.35 



DT 



0.24 



0.65 



0.54 



0.78 



0.36 



79 



0.76 



0.80 



1.29 



0.17 



0.20 



0.03 



0.29 



DP 



0.25 



0.41 



0.33 



0.74 



0.40 



99 



0.90 



0.21 



4.00 



0.21 



0.15 



0.02 



0.30 



TC 



0.32 



0.59 



0.50 



0.68 



0.52 



71 



0.57 



0.21 



1.00 



0.13 



0.15 



0.02 



0.28 



TK 



0.26 



0.37 



0.37 



0.74 



0.55 



75 



0.54 



0.19 



2.7 



0.14 



0.15 



0.01 



0.25 



TM 



0.31 



0.45 



0.41 



0.72 



0.57 



76 



0.68 



0.20 



2.75 



0.16 



0.14 



0.02 



0.24 



TU 



0.38 



0.43 



0.39 



0.79 



0.63 



71 



0.79 



0.17 



3.00 



0.14 



0.12 



0.01 



0.39 



XU 



0.33 



0.35 



0.34 



0.76 



0.67 



59 



0.83 



0.42 



1 .00 



0.39 



0.13 



0.02 



0.20 



(genus/species acronyms as for Table 2, R/LSA = right systemic arch diameter/left systemic arch diameter. K/L = total kidney length/liver length. RK/L = right kidney length/ 

 liver length, RA/RK = right adrenal length/right kidney length. LK/RK = left kidney length/right kidney length, KOL = kidney overlap/total kidney length, NTR = estimated 

 number of tracheal rings/10% SVL, AL/LL = anterior lobe length/left lung length, RB/LL = right bronchus length/left lung length. LB = mean number of cartilages in left 

 bronchus (including bronchial ring). SS/DV = semisaccular lung/dense vascular lung. V/S = vascular lung/saccular lung. LL/RL = left lung length/right lung length. LW/LL = 

 left lung width/left lung lensUh). 



midpoint 94.0%, left kidney length/liver length ratio 0.26; left 

 kidney/right kidney 0.76, kidney overlap 0.67; kidney-vent interval 

 12.2% (1 1.6-12.8%), kidney-vent gap 2.5% (2.1-2.9%). 



Trachea 25.1% (25.0-25.2%) with an estimated 149 rings (144- 

 154) or 58.9 (58.6-59.2) per 10% SVL, trachea midpoint 13.8% 

 (13.7-13.9%), tracheal rings narrow and well-separated from their 

 neighbours, lacking free tips, tracheal membrane expanded to 3.5 

 times the tracheal ring circumference; tracheal lung lacking, only 

 slight development of a cardiac lung (0.7%) anterior to the right 

 lung; tracheal entry into right lung subterminal; right bronchus 0.3% 

 with 3 cartilages; anterior lobe of right lung very short 1.0% (0.9- 

 1 .2%), its connecting orifice of moderate diameter; right lung 68.6% 

 (66.0-71.2%), right lung midpoint 60.1% (59.1-61.2%), vascular 

 portion of right lung 8.0% (7.2-8.7%) with three tiers of faveoli 

 distributed dorsoventrally around inner lung circumference; vascular 



lung lacking midventral avascular strip; faveolar pattern consists of 

 transverse ribs enclosing transverse rows of paired diamond-shaped 

 faveoli; vascular lung with semisaccular or sparse/dense vascular 

 portion ratio 0.39 (0.35-0.42); saccular (avascular) lung 59.6% 

 (58.0-61.3%), vascular lung/saccular lung ratio 0.13 (0.12-0.14), 

 posterior tip of lung 93.9% (91.7-96.2%). 



Left lung complex consists of an orifice at 26.3% (26.2-26.5%), 

 a bronchus 0. 1 % with two rings in female (bronchus absent in male), 

 and a vestigial lung 1 .4% ( 1 . 1-1.6%). The left lung, with a left lung/ 

 right lung ratio of 0.02, supports a reticulated network of trabeculae 

 and has a width/length ratio of 0.20 (0.15-0.25). 



Xyelodontophis, while resembling Thelotornis in external mor- 

 phology, is distinct from the latter genus in a number of internal 

 characters: heart-liver gap, heart-liver interval, liver length, gall 

 bladder midpoint, gall bladder-kidney gap, total gonad midpoint, 



