ATRACTASPIS- MINI REVIEW 



99 



& Cundall, D. 2000. Limbless tetrapods and snakes with legs. Science (287): 



1939-1941. 

 Gunders, A.E., Walter, H.J. & Etzel, E. 1960. Case of snake-bite by Atractaspis 



corpulenta. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 54: 



279-280. 

 Gunther, A. 1858. Catalogue of the cohtbrine snakes in the collection of the British 



Museum. British Museum (Natural History). London, 281 pp. 

 Haas, G. 193 1 . Uber die Morphologie der Kiefermuskulatur und die Schadelmechanik 



einiger Schlangen. Zoologisch.es Jahrhuch, Abteilung anatomie 54: 333—116. 



1950. A new Atractaspis (Mole Viper) from Palestine 1950: 52-53. 



1979. On anew snakelike reptile from the Lower Cenomanian of Ein Jabrud, near 



Jerusalem. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Section C: Sciences de 



la Terre. Serie 4 (1): 51-64. 



1980a. Pachyrhachis prohlematicus Haas, snakelike reptile from the lower 



Cenomanian: ventral view of the skull. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire 

 naturelle, Section C: Sciences de la Terre. Serie 4 (2): 87-104. 



1 980b. Remarks on a new ophiomorph reptile from the lower Cenomanian of Ein 



Jabrud. Israel, pp. 177-192. In L.L. Jacobs (ed.). Aspects of Vertebrate History- 

 essays in honor of Edwin Harris Colbert. Museum of Northern Arizona Press, 

 Flagstaff, 393 pp. 



Joger, U. 1997. Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Giftschlangen (Middle East 

 Venomous Snakes). Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden. 



Kochva, E. 1959. An extended venom gland in the Israel Mole Viper. Atractaspis 

 engaddensis Haas 1950. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel B8: 31-34. 



1987. The origin of snakes and evolution of the venom apparatus. Toxicon 25: 65- 



106. 



1998. Venomous snakes of Israel: Ecology and snakebite. Proceedings of the joint 



Israeli-Jordanian Conference on Venomous Animal Bites. Amman. Jordan. I July 

 1998. Ofer Shpilberg & Dani Cohen. Eds. Public Health Reviews 26: 209-232. 



, Bdolah, A. & Wollberg, Z. 1993. Sarafotoxins and endothelins: evolution. 



structure and function. Toxicon 31: 541-568. 



& Meier, J. 1986. The fangs of Atractaspis engaddensis Haas (Serpentes: 



Atractaspididae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 93: 749-754. 



, Shayer- Wollberg, M. & Sobul, R. 1967. The special pattern of the venom gland 



in Atractaspis and its bearing on the taxonomic status of the genus. Copeia 1967: 



763-772. 

 , Viljoen, C.C. & Botes, D.P. 1982. A new type of toxin in the venom of snakes 



from the genus Atractaspis (Atractaspidinae). Toxicon 20: 581-592. 

 Kurnik, D., Haviv, Y. & Kochva, E. 1999. A Snake bite by the burrowing asp. 



Atractaspis engaddensis. Toxicon 37: 223-227. 

 Lee, M.S.Y. & Caldwell, M.W. 1998. Anatomy and relationships of Pachyrhachis 



prohlematicus, a primitive snake with hindlimbs. Philosophical Transactions of the 



Royal Society. London. B 352: 1521-1552. 

 Ovadia, M. 1987. Isolation and characterization of a hemorrhagic factor from the venom 



of the snake Atractaspis engaddensis (Atractaspididae). Toxicon 25: 621-630. 

 Pasqual, J.R.H. 1962. The biting mechanism of Atractaspis. The Nigerian Held 27: 



137-141. 

 Reinhardt, I.T. 1843. Beskrivelse of nogle nye Slangearter. Kongelige danske 



Videnskabemes Selskabs. Afhandlinger (10): 233 -279. 

 Rieppel, O. & Kearney, M. 2001. The origin of snakes: limits of a scientific debate. 



Biologist (48): 110-114. 



& Zaher, H. 2001 . Re-building the bridge between mosasaurs and snakes. Neues 



Jahrhuch fiir Geologic und Paldontologie. Abhandlungen (221): 1 1 1-132. 

 Schatti, B. & Gasperetti, J. 1994. A contribution to the herpetofauna of Southwest 



Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 348^119. 

 Scortecci, G. 1939. Gli Oftdi Velenosi dell' Africa Italiana. Istituto Sieroterapico 



Milanese, Milan, 287pp. 

 Smith, A. 1848. Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. Reptilia. Smith, Elder & 



Co.. London. 

 Stewart, M.M. 1965. A bite by a burrowing adder. Atractaspis bihronii. The Journal 



of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia (23/24): 47-50. 

 Strydom, D.J. 1979. The evolution of toxins found in snake venoms. In: Snake 



Venoms. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. (C.Y. Lee. ed.) (52): 258-275. 



Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1 130 pp. 

 Takasaki, C, Tamiya, N., Bdolah, A., Wollberg, Z. & Kochva, E. 1988. Sarafotoxin 



S6: Several isotoxins from Atractaspis (Burrowing Asps) venom that affect the 



heart. Toxicon (26): 543-548. 

 Tchernov, E., Rieppel, O., Zaher, H., Polcyn, M.J. & Jacobs, L.L. 2000. A fossil 



snake with limbs. Science (287): 2010-2012. 

 Theodor, J. & Albeck, C. (eds) 1966. Midrash Bereshil Raba, (5, 7), Jerusalem. 

 Tilbury, C.R. & Branch, W.R. 1989. Observations on the bile of the southern 



burrowing asp (Atractaspis bihronii) in Natal. South African Medical Journal (75): 



327-331. 

 Underwood, G. 1967. A Contribution to the Classification oj Snakes. British Museum 



(Natural History) Publication No. 653. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural 



History), London. 179pp. 

 & Kochva, E. 1993. On the affinities of the burrowing asps Atractaspis (Serpentes: 



Atractaspididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 107: 3-64. 

 Warrell, D.A. 1995. Clinical toxicology of snakebite in Africa and Middle East/ 



Arabian Peninsula, pp. 433-492. In: Clinical Toxicology of Animal Venoms and 



Poisons (Meier J. & J. White, eds.). CRS Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 752 pp. 

 , Ormerod, L.D. & Davidson, N. McD. 1976. Bites by the night adder (Causus 



maculatus) and burrowing vipers (genus Atractaspis) m Nigeria. The American 



Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 25: 517-524 

 Weiser, E., Wollberg, Z., Kochva, E. & Lee, M.S.Y. 1 984. Cardiotoxic effects of the 



venom of the burrowing asp. Atractaspis engaddensis (Atractaspididae. Ophidia). 



Toxicon 22: 767-774. 

 Wollberg, Z., Bdolah, A. & Kochva, E. 1990. Cardiovascular effects of mammalian 



endothelins and snake venom sarafotoxin. In: Calcium Channel Modulators in Heart 



and Smooth Muscle: Basic Mechanisms and Pharmacological Aspects, pp. 283-299 



(Abraham, S. & G. Amilai, eds.). VCH. Weinheim/Deerfield Beach, Florida and 



Balaban, Rehovot/Philadelphia. 

 — , Shabo Shina, R., Intrator, N., Bdolah, A., Kochva, E., Shavit, G, Oron, Y., 



Vidne, B.A. & Gitter, S. 1988. A novel cardiotoxic polypeptide from the venom of 



Atractaspis engaddensis (Burrowing Asp): Cardiac effects in mice and isolated rat 



and human heart preparations. Toxicon 26: 525-534. 

 Yaakov, N.. Bdolah, A., Wollberg, Z., Ben-Haim, S.A. & Oron, U. 2000. Recovery 



from sarafotoxin-b induced cardiopathologicaJ effects in mice following low energy 



laser irradiation. Basic Research in Cardiology 95: 385-389. 

 Yanagisawa, ML, Kurihara, H., Kimura, S., Tomobo, Y., Kobayashi, ML, Mitsui, Y., 



Yazaki, Y., Goto, K. & Masaki, T. 1988. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide 



produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 332: 41 1—415. 



