PHRYNOCEPHALUS PHYLOGENY 



Fig. 3 Anterior views of right nasal area of skulls showing differences in arrangement of maxilla (m), septomaxilla (stippled)) and nasal bones (n). a. 

 maxilla and nasal widely separated below lateral process (lp) of nasal (P. scutellatus). b. Maxilla and nasal more narrowly separated below lateral process 

 of nasal and the space filled by the septomaxilla (P. versicolor), c. Maxilla and nasal in contact below lateral process of nasal (P. persicus). 



Fig. 4 View into anterior right orbit, showing width of posterior face of prefrontal bone (pf) relative to that of the posterior platine (pa) and variation in 

 lateral extension of the prefrontal relative to the infraorbital canal (io). a. Posterior face of prefrontal broad, extends laterally across infraorbital canal, b. 

 Posterior face of prefrontal narrow, does not extend across infrarorbital canal 



Fig. 5 Difference in size of the parietal foramen (black) in adults, a. Small, diameter less than distance from the lateral edge of the parietal bone (p) (P. 

 scutellatus). b. Large, diameter more than distance from lateral edge of parietal bone (P. persicus). 



Maxilla in contact with septomaxilla on surface of skull below 



lateral process of nasal (Figure 3). No (0); yes but does not reach 



nasal (1); yes and reaches nasal (2). 



Nasal bone projects laterally over maxilla anteriorly. No (0); 



yes(l). 



Size of lateral process of prefrontal (Figure 2). Relatively small 



(0); large and extended laterally (1). 



Width of posterior face of prefrontal bone in orbit relative to 



width of posterior part of palatine (Figure 4). Relatively broad 



(0); narrowed (1). 

 9. Prefrontal bone extends laterally across infraorbital canal (Fig- 

 ure 4). No (0); yes (1). 



10. Size of parietal foramen in adults (Figure 5). Relatively small, 

 its lateral diameter less than its distance from the lateral edge of 

 the parietal bone (0); large, its lateral diameter more than its 

 distance from the lateral edge of the parietal bone (1). 



1 1. Body of parietal bone relative to its supratemporal processes 

 (Figure 6). Upper surface of body of parietal bone relatively flat 



