E.N. ARNOLD 



Fig. 15 Tree in Figure 14 after being subjected to successive approximations character weighting using Hennig86 program (Farris, 1988), resulting inP. 

 scutellatus and P. golubevi being resolved as successive branches. Characters that define lettered nodes are as follows (brackets indicate some degree of 

 parallelism; R indicates reversal). A 17, 18,(32); B 1.1, 12.1,23, 35, 37.1, 46; C 1.2, 44; D 15; E 37.2, 38, 39.2; F 3, 12.2?, (21), 24, (36), 42; G (14), 28, 43; 

 H 16, 22, 33; 1 25, 26, 27; J (8), 19,31; K 13, 32R;L 10,20; M (4), 17.2R;N 17.1R;0 18R.44R; R(29);S 29;T30;U6,(8), (34),38R, (39.2R),45. 



Fig. 16 Conservative estimate of phylogeny for Phrynocephalus and Bufoniceps. Only nodes supported by two or more characters of low homoplasy are 

 shown. 





