GENERIC CONCEPTS IN CLYTEMNESTRIDAE 



29 



MALE. Total body length from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of 

 caudal rami: 920 urn (n= 1). Maximum width (232 urn) measured at 

 posterior margin of cephalic shield. Body (Fig. 18A) with similar 

 projections as in 9; urosome more slender with genital and first 

 abdominal somites separate (Fig. 18B). 



Antennule, antenna, mouthparts and maxilliped with armature as 

 in C. scute I lata. 



P5 (Fig. 18C) as in 9, not extending to distal margin of first 

 abdominal somite (Fig. 18B). 



Sixth pair of legs (Fig. 18B, D) weakly asymmetrical; each P6 

 produced into short cylindrical process with 1 outer and 2 apical bare 

 setae. 



Urosomites 4—5 and anal somite with spinules around ventral hind 

 margin (Fig. 18B). 



Caudal rami (Fig. 18B, E) with bare setae I — II; setae IV-V very 

 long (75% of urosome length) and plumose; seta VI much longer 

 than in 9. 



Remarks. The early copepodid stages from the central Red Sea 

 were identified on the basis of the absence of the proximal endite of 

 the maxilla and the shape of the cephalothorax. C. asetosa, origi- 

 nally identified as C. scutellata by Gurney (1927), is the smallest 

 species in the genus. It is similar to C. farrani in many respects but 

 differs from it in the armature formula of the antennule, the loss of 

 the proximal endite of the maxilla, the presence of only 2 outer 

 spines on P3-P4 exp-3 and a different spinulation pattern on the 

 female urosome. The species is thus far known only from the Red 

 Sea and the Bay of Suez. 



Clytemnestra hendorffi var. quinquesetosa Poppe, 1891 



Poppe (1891) distinguished this variety on the basis of the following 

 characters: (1) female P5 exopod distinctly longer and bearing 5 

 setae; (2) urosome of both sexes less slender; (3) caudal rami 

 relatively wider proximally. This variety was collected from two 

 localities in the Java Sea. Most authors have followed Giesbrecht's 

 (1892) decision to discard this variety and regarded it as a synonym 

 of C. scutellata. Our revision has revealed that only C. scutellata and 

 C. gracilis display 6 setae on the P5 exopod and that there are at least 

 three species in the Indo-Pacific which have only 5 setae. As far as 

 we could ascertain from the collections examined P5 setation is 

 never variable within populations and always identical between 

 sexes. Since Poppe ( 1 89 1 ) did not provide any figures it is imposs- 

 ible to make any positive statement as to the identity of his material. 



Other records 



Chen et al. (1974) reported C. scutellata from the East China Sea 

 (one of the areas where Dana originally recorded the species from). 

 Unfortunately the few illustrations of the habitus and female P5 are 

 of no help in determining the specific identity of their material. 

 Moreover, the extreme body size range (1.0—1.9 mm) strongly 

 suggests the co-occurrence of more than one species in their sam- 

 ples. Cheng et al. (1965) also illustrated C. scutellata from the East 

 China Sea but their species has only 5 setae on the P5 exopod, lacks 

 posterolateral processes on the cephalothorax and has only 2 outer 

 spines on at least P3 (which was mislabelled as the P2) and P4. Their 

 reported size range ( 99: 0.86-1.0 mm; 66: 0.80-0.85 mm) strongly 

 suggests that they had identified C. asetosa or possibly a related 

 species. Mori's (1929) description of C. scutellata from the Sea of 

 Japan is equally brief. Posterolateral projections on the cephalothorax 

 appear to be absent in his material (although they could be obscured 

 by excessive squashing of the figured specimen), indicating that 

 Mori was probably dealing with another species. Mori supple- 

 mented his description in 1937. 



Kazmi & Muniza (1994) present sketchy figures of what they 

 believe to be C. scutellata in their samples from the Arabian Sea. 

 Nothing can be said about the real identity of their material other 

 than that were dealing with a Clytemnestra. 



The Caribbean records of C. scutellata by Owre & Foyo (1967) 

 and Campos Hernandez & Suarez Morales (1994) require further 

 investigations. Both descriptions show the unique presence of lat- 

 eral protrusions halfway down the cephalothorax which may suggest 

 the occurrence of a distinct species in this region. It is impossible to 

 decide from Legare's (1964) inadequate illustrations whether this 

 modification also occurred in his Venezuelan material. Interestingly, 

 Morales & Vargas (1995) show similar protrusions in a cly temnestrid 

 from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica which they identified as C. 

 rostratus but has 7 segments in the antennule. 



Genus Goniopsyllus Brady, 1883 



Sapphir Car, 1890 [type species: S. rostratus Car, 1890 - by 

 monotypy] 



Diagnosis. Clytemnestridae. Body with dorsal pattern of denticles 

 and spinules on urosomites. Antennule 6-segmented in 9, indis- 

 tinctly 7-segmented in 6 with segments 3-4 incompletely fused; 6 

 segmental homologies: 1-1, 2-(II-VIII), 3-(IX-XII), 4-XIII, 5- 

 (XIV-XVII), 6-(XVIH-XX), 7-(XXI-XXVIII). Antenna with 1 

 lateral and 4 apical elements on distal endopod segment; exopod 

 represented by membranous segment bearing 1 long seta. Maxillule 

 represented by triangular segment with 1 apical spine. Maxillary 

 syncoxa with 1 endite bearing 2 setae. 



PI without outer seta on basis; exopod with 3 setae. P2 with outer 

 spine on exp-1. P1-P4 armature formula: 



exopod 



endopod 



PI 

 P2 

 P3 

 P4 



021 



1.1.222 

 1.1.323 

 1.1.323 



1.1.220 

 1.2.221 

 1.2.321 

 1.2.221 



P5 exopod with 5 setae in both sexes. 



Genital apertures fused in 9 forming common medial slit; closed 

 off by paired P6 bearing 1 well developed seta; copulatory pore 

 located medially in large circular depression halfway the length of 

 the genital double-somite; copulatory duct strongly chitinized. 



Male P6 asymmetrical, forming membranous opercula closing 

 off single (sinistral or dextral) genital aperture; bearing 1 seta. 



Caudal rami convergent, relatively short and conical; not sexually 

 dimorphic. 



TYPE SPECIES. Goniopsyllus rostratus Brady, 1 883 [by monotypy] 



Other species. G. clausi sp. nov., G. brasiliensis sp. nov. 



SPECIES INQUIRENDAE. Goniopsyllus tenuis (Lubbock, I860) 

 comb, nov.; Sapphir rostratus Car, 1890 



Since the type species is only known from the damaged female 

 holotype and no other material was available for study, G. clausi sp. 

 nov. is instead selected for the model description. 



Goniopsyllus clausi sp. nov. 



Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady, 1883) sensu Giesbrecht (1892): pp. 



568-572; Taf. 45, Figs 22, 31. 

 Clytemnestra rostrata (Brady, 1 883) sensu Wi\ela.( 1965): p. 21; Est. 



IX, Fig. 2a-e; (1968): p. 44; Est. XVII, Fig. 2a-c. 



