BASAL LAOPHONTID EVOLUTION 



63 



ETYMOLOGY. The species name refers to the well developed 

 endopodal lobe of the P5 in both sexes. 

 P2-P4 setal formula: 



Exopod 



Endopod 



P2 



P3 

 P4 



0.1.123 

 0.1.223 

 0.1.223 



1.221 

 1.321 

 0.221 



[cJ: 1.1.220] 



Mielke (1997) provided an excellent description of Sulawesi 

 females and males which he attributed to E. longicauda. His illustra- 

 tions show sufficient differences to warrant separate species status. 

 E. lobata is similar to E. profunda from the Mediterranean and both 

 E. vervoorti and E. galapagoensis from the Pacific in the loss of the 

 inner seta on P4 enp-1. The species can, however, be readily 

 distinguished by the long endopodal lobe in the 9 P5, a well 

 developed bulbous extension on the baseoendopod of the 6 P5, the 

 elongate caudal rami which are relatively little modified in the 

 female, and the short PI endopod. Discrepancies are also noted in 

 the female antennule, particularly in the relative lengths of the 

 proximal segments, and the size and precise position of the spinous 

 processes on segment 1 . The species is thus far known only from the 

 type locality. 



Esola profunda sp. nov. 



Type LOCALITY. Ligurian Sea (Western Mediterranean; 42°39' 12" 

 N, 08°39'30" E), northwest of the Bay of Calvi (Corsica); depth 760 

 m. 



Type material. 2 99 from type locality. The bottom sample was 

 taken on 10 June 1986 with a small, modified Reineck box corer 

 (170 cm 2 ) by K. Soetaert. The median grain size of the sediment is 

 4 urn and the silt-clay amount averages 78.5%. The CPE value is 

 about 0.59 pg/cm 2 of which 12.6% is represented by chl a. Holotype 

 dissected on 11 slides (BMNH 1999.991), paratype 9 preserved in 

 alcohol (BMNH 1999.992). 



ETYMOLOGY. The species name is derived from the Latin profun- 

 dus (meaning deep) and refers to the bathyal distribution of this 

 species. 



Description. 



FEMALE. Body length from anterior margin of rostrum to posterior 

 margin of caudal rami 515 urn (n=2; range: 500-529 pm). Maxi- 

 mum width ( 1 29 p m) measured at posterior margin of cephalothorax . 



Body (Fig. 8A) as in E. bulbifera but constrictions between 

 pedigerous somites less defined; cephalothorax with paired cup- 

 shaped pores both anterodorsally and anteroventrally on either side 

 of rostrum, and with distinct transverse spinule row dorsally about 

 halfway down the cephalothorax length. 



Urosomites with dense spinulation and irregular pattern of sur- 

 face ridges laterally and dorsally (Fig. 8B). Genital double-somite 

 (Fig. 8A-B) with large cup-shaped pores laterally in anterior half; 

 ventral surface without spinular ornamentation; posterolateral angles 

 slightly produced. First postgenital somite with backwardly pro- 

 duced lateral angles, bearing spinular tuft; without ventral 

 ornamentation. Penultimate and anal somites distinctly narrower 

 (Fig. 8A); ventral posterior border with spinules (Fig. 8D). Anal 

 somite (Fig. 8C) with spinulose anal operculum. 



Caudal rami (Fig. 8C-D) widely separated; with slight swelling 

 medially and virtually no expansion ventrally (Fig. 8B); dorsal 

 surface with 2 chitinous processes in posterior half; large cup- 



shaped pore located ventrally (Fig. 8D) leading to small tube-pore. 

 Armature as in E. bulbifera. 



Antennule (Fig. 9A) slender, 6-segmented, with 1 large (proxi- 

 mal) and 2 small spinous processes along posterior margin of 

 segment 1. Segment 1 with long spinules around anterior margin. 

 Segment 2 distinctly longer than segment 3. Armature formula: 1-[1 

 pinnate], 2-[7 + l pinnate], 3-[6],4-[(2 + ae)],5-[l],6-[9 + acrothek]. 

 Aesthetasc on segment 4 fused basally to 2 setae (Fig. 9B). Acrothek 

 consisting of aesthetasc and 2 naked setae; set on apical pedestal. 



Antennary exopod (Fig. 9D) elongate exopod bearing 2 lateral 

 and 2 apical pinnate elements; no ornamentation discernible. 



Labrum with ornamentation as in E. bulbifera. 



Mandible (Fig. 9E) with small 2-segmented palp; proximal seg- 

 ment with 2 inner, (basal) setae; endopod a free segment with 3 setae. 



Maxillule (Fig.lOD) as in E. bulbifera but outer apical seta of 

 exopod naked and shorter and distal spine on basis stouter. 



PI (Fig. 8E) similar to that of E. bulbifera but both endopodal 

 segments and terminal claw shorter; exp-1 extending to distal 

 margin of basal pedestal; exp-2 with 3 outer setae and 2 geniculate 

 setae apically. 



P2-P4 (Figs 9C; 10A-B). Outer basal spine of P2 distinctly 

 shorter and more setiform. P2-P3 enp-1 with multipinnate inner 

 seta; P4 enp- 1 inner seta absent. Outer spine of P2-P4 enp-2 shorter 

 than in E. bulbifera. Armature formula: 



Exopod 



Endopod 



P2 

 P3 

 P4 



0.1.123 

 0.1.223 



0.1.223 



1.221 

 1.321 

 0.221 



[d: probably 1.1.220] 



P5 (Fig. 10C). Endopodal lobe elongate, clearly extending bey- 

 ond insertion sites of proximal outer setae of exopod; with 2 apical 

 and 2 widely separated inner setae; outer apical seta distinctly 

 shorter. Exopod more slender than in E. bulbifera; with 1 apical, 1 

 inner and 4 outer setae; anterior proximal seta and distalmost outer 

 seta much shorter. 



male. Unknown. 



Remarks. E. profunda is known only from the type locality and 

 represents the deepest record for the genus. It is similar to E. lobata 

 in the elongate endopodal lobe of the 9 P5, the mandibular palp 

 setation, the ventral position of the caudal ramus pores and the 

 absence of the inner seta on P4 enp- 1 . It differs from this species in 

 the elongate 9P5 exopod, caudal ramus shape (presence of dorsal 

 chitinous processes) and the longer PI enp-2. 



Esola vervoorti sp. nov. 



Esola longicauda (Edwards, 1891) sensu Vervoort (1964) 



TYPE LOCALITY. Ifaluk Atoll, Caroline Islands, North Pacific; stn 

 592 (Vervoort, 1964). 



Type material. National Museum of Natural History, Washing- 

 ton, D.C.: holotype 9 dissected on 12 slides (NMNH 109702); 

 paratypes are 2 3 6 in alcohol (NMNH 288048). Originally labelled 

 E. longi-cauda; det. W. Vervoort; 16 October 1953. Two other vials 

 with identical labels contained different species: (a) NMNH 109789: 

 cope-podid V 9 of E. longicauda var. sensu Vervoort (1964), from 

 stn 591 ; (b) NMNH 109790: 1 9 and 1 8 of Paralaophonte sp., from 

 stn 590. 



Etymology. The species is named in honour of Dr Willem 

 Vervoort (Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden) who first 

 illustrated this species. 



