BASAL LAOPHONTID EVOLUTION 



99 



mented endopods. P3 endopod 3 3-segmented; enp-2 with outer 

 pinnate apophysis but without inner seta. Armature formula as 

 follows: 



Material EXAMINED. None. Chappuis' (1938) material no longer 

 exists and the species has not been recorded again since its original 

 description. 



Exopod 



Endopod 



'2 



0.1.123 



1.221 



'3 



0.1.123 (or 0.1. 222 c?) 



1.221 



'4 



0.1.223 



1.221 



[<J: 1.0.120] 



P5 9 with separate rami; exopod elongate, with 5 or 6 setae/ 

 spines; baseoendopod slightly developed, with 4 setae/spines. P5 3 

 with trapezoid endopodal lobe; exopod short, with 1 inner, 2 apical 

 and 2 outer setae/spines. 



P6 unknown in both sexes. 



TYPE AND ONLY SPECIES. Laophonte spelaea Chappuis, 1938 = 

 Troglophonte spelaea (Chappuis, 1938) comb. nov. 



Etymology. The generic name is derived from the Greek trogle, 

 meaning hole, and refers to the stygobiont life style of the type 

 species. Gender: feminine. 



PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS 



Taxa and characters 



The analysis was executed at species level in order to test the 

 monophyly of the genus Esola and its relationships to both 

 Mourephonte and Archilaophonte . Onychocamptus and the eornuta- 

 group of the genus Laophonte were also included as separate taxa in 

 the analysis on the basis of their ancestral P3 endopod sexual 

 dimorphism. The highly advanced genus Folioquinpes Fiers & 

 Rutledge, although having been positively identified as the 

 sistergroup of Onychocamptus (Lee & Huys, 1999), was excluded 

 from the analysis. The residual Laophontidae were replaced by their 

 hypothetical ancestor (Table 4: Other Laophontidae) which was 

 constructed by combining the most plesiomorphic state encountered 

 for each character. 



Table 2. Laophontidae with 3 inner setae [3( l-2)(0-l ) setation pattern] on P3 enp-2 9. 





P2 





P3 





P4 







exp 



enp 



exp 



enp 9 



enp 6 



exp 



enp 



Laophonte Group I 



0.1.123 



1.220 



0.1.223 



1.321 



1.1.220 



0.1.223 



1.221 



Laophonte adduensis 



0.1.122 



1.220 



0.1.223 



1.321 



1.1.220 



0.1.223 



1.221 



Laophonte ciliata 



0.1.122 



1.220 



0.1.222 



1.321 



1.1.220 



0.1.222 



1.221 



Onychocamptus Group I 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.1.220 



0.1.123 



0.111 



Onychocamptus besnardi 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.1.220 



0.1.022 



0.111 



Onychocamptus anomalus 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.1.220 



0.1.122 



0.111 



Onychocamptus taifensis 



0.1.123 



0.120 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.1.220 



0.1.123 



0.111 



Onychocamptus krusensterni 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.1.220 



0.1.122 



0.111 



Laophonte galapagoensis 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



1.121 



Laophonte confusa 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



1.120 



Laophonte Group II 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



0.221 



Laophonte lignosa 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



0.121 



Laophonte setosa 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



0.111 



Laophonte elongata 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.123 



0.111 



Laophonte Group III 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.123 



0.111 



Laophonte nordgaardi 



0.1.123 



0.120 



0.1.123 



0.311 



0.0.210 



0.0.023 



0.111 



Bathylaophonte spp. 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



0.221 



Microlaophonte trisetosa 



0.1.122 



0.220 



0.1.222 



0.321 



0.220 



0.1.222 



0.221 



Pseudonychocamptus carthyi 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



1.321 



0.220 



0.1.223 



1.121 



Paralaophonte Group I 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



0.121 



Paralaophonte panamensis 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.222 



0.121 



Paralaophonte Group II 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.123 



0.121 



Paralaophonte tenera 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.0.120 



0.1.123 



0.121 



Paralaophonte innae 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.320 



0.320 



0.1.223 



0.121 



Paralaophonte aenigmaticum 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.320 



0.320 



0.1.022 



0.120 



Heterolaophonte campbelliensis 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



0.121 



Heterolaophonte Group I 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.022 



0.121 



Heterolaophonte Group II 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.121 



Heterolaophonte manifera 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.220 



0.1.122 



0.121 



Heterolaophonte hamata 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.220 



0.1.022 



0.121 



Heterolaophonte minuta 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.220 



0.0.022 



0.121 



Paronychocamptus spp. 



0.1.123 



0.1-220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.122 



0.111 



Asellopsis hispida 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.223 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.223 



0.111 



Asellopsis duboscqui 



0.1.122 



0.120 



0.1.222 



0.321 



0.0.220 



0.1.222 



0.111 



Folioquinpes chathamensis 



0.1.123 



0.220 



0.1.123 



0.321 



0.321 



0.1.123 



0.120 



Laophonte: Group I = cornuta, expansa, plana; Group II = inornata, parvula, serrata; Group III = adamsiae, thoracica. 



Onychocamptus: Group I = mohammed, bengalensis, vitiospinulosa 



Paralaophonte: Group I = asellopsiformis, brevirostris, congenera. dieuzeidei, gurneyi, hyperborea, lacerdai, majae, meinerti, ormieresi, pacifica, pilosoma, royi: Group II = 



karmensis, lunata, spitzbergensis, zimmeri. 



Heterolaophonte: Group I = discophora, variabilis; Group II = murmanica, stromi, uncinata. 



