CHAPTER VI. 



SOUTHERN OREGON. 



1841. 



The last chapter closed with the arrival of Lieutenant Emmons 

 and his party at San Francisco. I shall now give some account of 

 the operations of this party, and of the country they passed through. 

 The difficulties which were experienced in the organization of the 

 party, have already been alluded to in another place, and need not 

 be repeated. There remain to be described some of the articles of 

 his ecpupment, in the preparation of which much time was consumed, 

 and which were absolutely necessary for the success of the expedition. 

 The principal part of the provision was flour ; this is packed in sacks ; 

 the sacks are again enclosed in a " parflesh" made of hide, to protect 

 them from being torn to pieces by the boughs of trees and underwood; 

 this rests upon a pack-saddle, by which the load is firmly secured 

 on the horse; while, to protect his back from injury, a thick saddle- 

 cloth called " appichemens" lies beneath the pack-saddle. These 

 articles are represented in the annexed cut. 



APPICHEMENS. 



PACE-SADDLE. 



To these are to be added the trail-rope and lash-cord, six or eight 

 fathoms in length. These trails drag on the ground, and are intended 

 for the purpose of catching the horses. Now, all these articles 

 were to be prepared in a country where no mechanic is to be found ; 



