SOUTHERN OREGON. 237 



river, which is a branch of the Willamette. This river is a deep 

 and turbid stream, branching out in places like a lake, but being in 

 general narrow and fordable. 



On the 12th, the route was across a parched-up prairie, some por- 

 tions of which were composed of gravel and white sand, mixed with 

 clay. The paths were very rough, owing to the soil, which was much 

 cut up by the herds that had been driven through ; and which, on 

 becoming hard, was exceedingly fatiguing to the horses. Bands of 

 wolves were met with, and were heard throughout the nio-ht howling 

 in various parts of the prairies. The cry of these animals is peculiar : 

 one sets up a long shrill whine, three or four join in, and in a few 

 moments afterwards, the whole pack utter a sort of sharp yelp, which 

 gives the idea of a half-laughing, half-crying chorus. The party had 

 hitherto made from fifteen to twenty miles a day ; and in travelling 

 this day, the animals suffered a great deal from want of water. They 

 encamped on the Male creek, which was about thirty feet wide, and 

 ran in a northerly direction. 



On the 13th, they had much difficulty in finding their horses, which 

 had escaped the guards at night, owing to the thick fog that pre- 

 vailed. They were in consequence unable to go forward until three 

 o'clock in the afternoon ; some of the animals had gone six miles 

 back on the trail in search of water, and were found in the vicinity of 

 marshy places. Messrs. Emmons and Eld had employed the hours 

 of this detention in getting dip and intensity observations. In conse- 

 quence of this mishap, they were unable to make more than two 

 miles during the day, which continued hot and foggy. 



Some wandering Callapuyas came to the camp, who proved to be 

 acquaintances of Warfields' wife : they were very poorly provided 

 with necessaries. Mr. Agate took a characteristic drawing of one 

 of the old men. 



These Indians were known to many of the hunters, who manifested 

 much pleasure at meeting with their old acquaintances, each vying 

 with the other in affording them and their wives entertainment by 

 sharing part of their provisions with them. This hospitality showed 

 them in a pleasing light, and proved that both parties felt the utmost 

 good-will towards each other. The Indians were for the most part 

 clothed in deer-skins, with fox-skin caps, or cast-off clothing of the 

 whites ; their arms, except in the case of three or four, who had rifles, 

 were bows and arrows, similar to those I have described as used at 



vol. v. 60 



