238 



SOUTHERN OREGON. 



the north ; their arrows were carried in a quiver made of seal-skin, 

 which was suspended over the shoulders. 





COSTUME OF A CALLAI'UYA INDIAN. 



On the 15th, they reached the base of the Elk Mountains, which 

 divide the valley of the Willamette from that of the Umpqua. The 

 ascent and descent of this ridge are both gradual, and the hills were 

 covered with pines, spruces, and oaks, with a thick undergrowth of 

 Hazel, Arbutus, Rubus, and Cornus. Through these thickets they 

 were obliged to force their way along the back of one of the spurs, 

 and were three hours in reaching the top, which was fifteen hundred 

 feet above the level of the plain. A species of Castanea was met 

 with, whose leaves were lanceolate and very rusty beneath ; the cup 

 of the nut was very prickly. 



The route over the Elk Mountains was very serpentine, owing to 

 the obstruction caused by fallen timber, many of whose trunks were 

 four and five feet in diameter. Previous to ascending the mountain, 

 they had crossed several small streams over which the Hudson Bay 

 Company had constructed bridges for the passage of their sheep. 

 Much trouble was caused by the necessity of dragging a number of 

 their pack-horses with lassos from a miry pool into which they had 

 plunged. At the encampment, during the night, ice made on the 



