SOUTHERN OREGON. 247 



Their journey was resumed at an early hour on the 24th. The 

 route passed through thickets, and in some places they discovered the 

 fresh track of Indians, in searching for whom they discovered three 

 squaws, who had been left when the others fled. It thus appeared 

 that the Indians were watching them closely, and it was certain that 

 in this country, a very small number of them would have been able 

 to cut off the whole party without much injury to themselves, if they 

 had possessed any courage. 



The greater part of the day's journey was over undulating hills ; 

 and after making a distance of twenty-three miles, they encamped on 

 Young's creek. This is a run of water, a few yards wide and a foot 

 or less deep ; it may be traced for a long distance by the trees which 

 border it. They had now reached the country of the Klamet Indians, 

 better known as the Rogues or Rascals, which name they have ob- 

 tained from the hunters, from the many acts of villany they have 

 practised. The place of encampment was only a short distance from 

 that where Dr. Bailey was defeated. 



On the 25th, they continued their journey over a country resem- 

 bling that traversed the day before, with the exception that the wood 

 was not so thick. The Pinus Lambertiana was more common ; the 

 trees of this species were not beyond the usual size of the pine tribe, 

 but their cones were seen fifteen inches in length. Some of the sugar 

 produced by this tree was obtained : it is of a sweet taste, with a 

 slightly bitter and piny flavour ; it resembles manna, and is obtained 

 by the Indians by burning a cavity in -the tree, whence it exudes. 

 It is gathered in large quantities. This sugar is a powerful cathartic, 

 and affected all the party who partook of it ; yet it is said that it is 

 used as a substitute for sugar among the trappers and hunters. The 

 soil passed over was loose and light, approaching a sandy loam. 



In the afternoon they entered on the plains of Rogues' or Tootoo- 

 tutnas river, and encamped on its banks. This is a beautiful stream, 

 upwards of one hundred yards in width, with a rapid current, flowing 

 over a gravelly bottom at the rate of three miles an hour : it abounds 

 in fish, on which the Indians principally subsist ; the banks are low 

 and overgrown with bushes for some distance from the stream ; the 

 soil is poor and sandy. Two or three hundred yards from the river, 

 there is a sudden rise of ten feet, and another at the same distance 

 beyond, from the last of which the land rises into hills from six 

 hundred to a thousand feet in height. On these hills the soil changes 

 to granitic sand. 



