these diseases :— Professor Emerich Rathay has given a resume (Die 

 Weinluube, 1893) of what is known concerning two forms of vine 

 disease, called respectively " ; Hrunissure '* and " ( 'alifornia vine disease." 

 The former, first observed in the vineyards of Central France in 1882, 

 has spread rapidly, and is now reported from such distant points as 

 Bessarabia and the United States. The disease is caused by a myxo- 

 mycete — Pla.wwdiopliora vitit, Vial, and Sauv. — closely allied to 

 Plasmodiophora brassicac, Wor., the cause of the disease in turnips 

 and cabbages known as " lingers and toes " or " anbury." In the vine 

 the disease is mostly confined to the leaves, and does not, as in the 

 Californian disease, extend to the stem and root ; neither is there any 

 distortion of tissue* such »3 reault* from the attacks of Plasmodiophora 

 in other plants. The par- .,.:<• cells of the 



leaf, and from thence extends to the cells of the spongy parenchyma, 

 occurring only very rarely in the epidermal ceils. The first external 

 evidence of the parasite is the presence of small, irregular brown 

 patches on the leaf, these soon increase in size, run into each other, and 

 cover more or less the entire surface except the vines. The wilted 

 appearance of the young shoots, and arrest of development and ripening 

 of the fruit, is the indirect result of the alteration of the leaves by the 

 Pkumodiophora. This disease has certainly gained a foothold in 

 England, an example having quite recently been sent to Kew from 

 Sussex for determination. No remedy has yet been discovered, and it 

 has teen observed on vines that have been sprayed with sulphate of 

 copper solution for fungi ' : :. as an internal parasite 



protecting it from the i :'; in. The most 



exhaustive account of this disease i> jean (Joirrn. 



Jiotaniqxe, vol. vi., p. 355, 1 pi. ; Leche'valier, Paris). The California 

 vine disease, lirst observed in Los Angeles county in 18S2, is devastating 

 numerous Cftl od baa funned the subject of two 



elaborate reports, issued by the United States Department of Agri- 

 culture, lb\)'2. This disease is also caused by a myxomycete, Plasmo- 

 dinphoru ((liij'ontiru, Viala and Sauv.. and the < il'eet is as disastrous as 

 that produced by the dreaded Phylloxera ; the parasite attacking with 

 equal energy old and young plants, and in all situations, wild vines, as 

 V. californica, not being exempt. The parasite develops within the 

 living cells of the host-plant, the tips of the shoots being first attacked, 

 the disease passing along the branches into the main stem, and finally 

 into the root, thus killing the plant within a short time. The leaves, 

 when first attacked, show patches of a yellowish tinge, soon passing 

 into red, and finally to blackish red, hence the term '• black measles," 

 applied by Californian planters at this stage. This disease is unknown 

 m Europe. 



Anthracnose in Vines.— The vine disease known by the name of 

 Anthraeno>e, caused by a minute fungus called Sphactloma ampili- 

 niint, De Pary, is well known on the Continent and in North America. 

 Asa serious' disease, its presence has only been noted in England 

 during the past year, and it is probably widely diffused, specimens 

 have been received at Kew for determination from such diitai 

 as Dorking and Edinburgh. Anthracnose is an insid 

 which in its milder forms would not be likely to arouse apprehension on 

 the part of the cultivator, yet successive attacks for four or five years 

 often kill the plant. The young shoots, leaves, flowers, and fruit are 

 attacked. The disease on the young shoots appears at first under the 



