andr] 



&f)e CrouSiirj! of 3Sfltanp. 



64 



recurved awn, stigma truncate, and seeds 

 smooth and wingless. 3. Cassandra, boreal 

 shrubs, with calyx five-parted, and having 

 two bracts, corolla tubular, anthers with- 

 out awns, and seeds flattened and wingless. 

 4. Zenobia, North American shrubs, with 

 calyx five-toothed, corolla campanulate, 

 deeply five-parted, anthers two-awned, and 

 seeds angular. 5. Leucotho'e, North Ame- 

 rican shrubs, with calyx five-parted, corolla 

 tubular, five-toothed, anthers naked, or 

 with one or two awns, and stigmas broadly 

 capitate. 6. Pieris, Nepal trees or shrubs, 

 with calyx five-parted, corolla tubular or 

 ovate, anthers two-awned, and stigmas 

 truncate. 7. Agarista, tropical American 

 evergreen shrubs, with calyx five-parted, 

 corolla ovate, anthers with two bristles, 

 stigmas capitate, and seeds angular. 



The members of this genus are more or 

 less narcotic. A. polifolia, the only British 

 species, but found also in peat bogs 

 throughout the north of Europe, Asia, 

 and America, is an acrid narcotic, and 

 proves fatal to sheep. Similar properties 

 have been observed in the United States in 

 A. mariana and other species. The shoots 

 of A. ovalifolia poison goats in Nepal. Dr. 

 liorsfield states that a very volatile heating 

 oil, with a peculiar odour, used by the 

 Javanese in rheumatic affections, is ob- 

 tained from one of the species. [W. C] 



ANDROPHORB. The tube formed by 

 monadelphous filaments, as in mallow. 



ANDROPOGON. An extensive genus of 

 grasses, typical of the tribe Andropogonece, 

 which, according to Steudel's Synopsis 

 Plantarum Graminearum, contains 458 

 species. The flowers are polygamous. The 

 species are mostly natives of the warmer 

 parts of the globe, especially South Ame- 

 rica; none of them British. Among the 

 more interesting kinds, the Sweet-scented 

 Lemon Grass, A.Schamanthus, maybe men- 

 tioned, which is a native of Malabar, and 

 well-known in British gardens as a stove 

 conservatory plant. The fresh leaves, 

 when bruised, emit a delightful odour, 

 and when roasted are used in India for 

 medicinal purposes. One of the grass 

 oils is yielded by a species of this genus. 

 (See Brewster's Journal, ix. 333.) A. muri- 

 catus, called in India khus, is employed 

 there for making covers for palanquins, 

 and screens, &c. (see Lindlefs Vegetable 

 Kingdom, p. 113)— 'The roots are woven 

 neatly into screens or mats, and suspended 

 before the doors or windows, so that the 

 breeze, in passing through them, is cooled 

 and regains a portion of its healthy elas- 

 ticity, while a slight but very agreeable 

 fragrance is diffused around.' Mrs. Calcott 

 in the Scripture Herbal, considers A. Cala- 

 mus aromaticus to be the Sweet Cane of 

 Isaiah, the Sweet Calamus of Exodus, 

 the Calamus of the Canticles and of 

 Ezekiel. Dr. Royle also considered the 

 plant of that name described by Dios- 

 corides to be the Sweet Cane and 'rich 

 aromatic reed from a far country' of 

 Scripture. Steudel does not enumerate 



this species under the genus of Andropogon, 

 nor give any synonym of it. [D. M.] 



ANDROSACE. Mountain plants, with 

 flowers much resembling the primrose, 

 from which they differ principally in hav- 

 ing the mouth of the corolla contracted. 

 They are found on the mountains of Eu- 

 rope, from Siberia to the Pyrenees, and 

 are well adapted for growing on rockwork, 

 thouech not easy of culture. The leaves, 

 which vary in shape in the different spe- 

 cies, are tufted, and grow close to the 

 ground : the flowers are either white or 

 pink, and grow on a scape or leafless stalk, 

 in umbels ; in one species, A. Vitaliana, 

 they are solitary. Some of the species are 

 annuals, and some perennials ; one only is a 

 biennial. They vary in height from two 

 to six inches. [C. A. J.] 



ANDROSiEMUM. Under the name of 

 A. officinale, the Tutsan, Hypericum Andro- 

 scemwm, is sometimes separated from the 

 rest of the Hypericece,lrom which it differs 

 chiefly in having a berry-like capsule ; but 

 the genus is not generally adopted. [T. M.] 



ANDROSTEMMA. A genus of Hamo- 

 doracem, nearly allied to Conostylis, con- 

 taining a single species, from Swan River 

 Colony, New Holland. It is a rushy plant, 

 of no beauty, although its flowers are an 

 inch and a half long, for they are green, 

 and buried among the leaves. [W. C] 



ANDROUS, in the composition of 

 names derived from the Greek, refers to 

 the stamens ; thus, mon-androus signifies 

 having one stamen, &c. 



ANDRYALA. A family of evergreen 

 herbaceous plants, belonging to the na- 

 tural order Compositm, growing to the 

 height of about half a foot, and having 

 yellow flowers. Two species are found in 

 dry stony fields about Nice, near the Var ; 

 the others are natives of Madeira and the 

 North of Africa, and, when cultivated in 

 this country, require the protection of a 

 greenhouse. [C. A. J.] 



ANE'E. (Fr.) Alnus glutinosa. 



ANEILEMA. A genus of Commelynacece, 

 the flowers of which have a six-parted 

 unequal perianth, the three outer divi- 

 sions or sepals persistent, and the three 

 inner deciduous; six stamens, of which 

 three are dissimilar, scarcely polliniferous ; 

 and no involucre. It is principally distin- 

 guished from Commelyna by the latter cir- 

 cumstance. There are several species, 

 natives of New Holland and India. [T. M.] 



ANEMIA, often erroneously written 

 Aneimia. A genus of schizasaceous ferns, 

 belonging to the section Schizceew, in 

 ■which it is distinguished by having the 

 fructifications paniculate on distinct 

 fronds, or on lateral branches of the fronds, 

 and the veins free. The separate branches 

 of fructification produce the appearance of 

 a flowering plant, with a spicate inflores- 

 cence. There are numerous species of 

 South America and the West Indies, some 



