6fi 



Clje CrcaStirD flf Matmy. 



[anem 



of -which are of a very ornamental charac- 

 ter, and much prized in gardens. One of 

 the most beautiful is A. adiantifolia, a spe- 

 cies having the barren branch triangular 

 and tripinnatifid, and the two fertile 

 branches erect, rising from its base, and 

 bearing a cylindrical spike of small fertile 

 segments. Several species, with a similar 

 arraneenient of the parts, have the sterile 

 branch pinnate. Other species, as, for ex- 

 ample, A. millefolia and A. buniifolia, have 

 the fertile parts distinct, rising from the 

 base. One species, A. WigMiana, is found 

 on the Neilgherry Hills of India, and 

 another, A. Dreaeana, is met with in South 

 Africa and Natal. [T. M.] 



ANEMTDICTYON. A genus of schizasa- 

 ceous ferns, distinguished from Anemia 

 only,, by the reticulated venation of its 

 fronds. It is consequently included in 

 that genus by those who do not admit the 

 generic importance of the venation in 

 ferns. The principal species, A. PhylUtidis, 

 occurs in various forms in the West In- 

 dies and South America, and is a fine her- 

 baceous species, with pinnate sterile 

 branches, and tall, compactly-pauicled fer- 

 tile ones. [T. M.] 



ANEMIOPSIS. A genus of the small 

 family Saururece, peciiliar to California and 

 New Mexico, and represented by a single 

 species, A. californica, a semi-aquatic pe- 

 rennial herb, with stalked and nearly 

 smooth root-leaves, like those of the sor- 

 rel, Rumex Acetosa, but of a much thicker 

 texture. The flower scape, nearly a foot in 

 length, and exceeding the root leaves, 

 bears near its middle a leafy bract (which 

 often produces in its axil a young plant), 

 and terminates in a compact cone of small 

 green flowers, surrounded by an involucre 

 of six oblong petal-like leaves of a white 

 colour, spotted with red, so that the whole 

 head has some resemblance to an ane- 

 mone flower. The flowers are destitute of 

 calyx and corolla, have six to eight sta- 

 mens seated on the top of an ovary, which 

 is one-celled, with three bundles of ovules 

 hangincrfrom the topof the cell, and crown- 

 ed with three short styles. The plant is in 

 cultivation in this country. [A. A. BJ 



ANEMONE. A large genus of Ranuncu- 

 lacece, generally distributed in temperate 

 regions — most numerous in alpine situa- 

 tions in the warmer districts. They have 

 tuberous or thickened root-stalks and root- 

 leaves, often ternately divided or cleft. 

 The stem, or rather scape, is leafless, and 

 often unbranched, with an involucre below 

 the flower, formed by a whorl of three 

 (rarely two) bracts ; when the scape is un- 

 branched, there is only one involucre, 

 when branched, each flower has one, and 

 the branches spring from the interior of 

 the involucre, together with the peduncle, 

 which bears the central flower. The flowers 

 are handsome, for, though the petals are 

 absent in single flowers, the sepals are 

 brightly coloured, especially on their inner 

 faces. The flowers very readily become 

 double by the conversion of the numerous 



[ stamens into narrow petals ; this is often 

 | seen in gardens, but occurs even in wild 

 plants of some species found in the South 

 of Europe — a very unusual circumstance. 



The genus forms three groups or sec- 

 tions. (1) Anemone proper, or Anemanthus, 

 of Endlicher, in which the carpels termi- 

 ! nate in a short point (not a feathery tail), 

 J and the involucre is remote from the 

 ; flower. (2) Hepatica, with the carpels as in 

 | Anemanthus, but the involucre close to 

 ! the flower, resembling a calyx. (3) Pulsa- 

 ' tilla, in which the carpels end in a long 

 feathery tail, formed by the persistent 

 styles, which elongate after the flower 

 fades. Of the first section, three species 

 occur in Britain. The Wood Anemone, A. 

 nemorosa, is the only one truly native ; it 

 has white flowers, sometimes tinged with 

 purple on the outside. A. ranunculoides, a 

 common European plant, naturalised in a 

 few stations in Britain, has bright yellow 

 flowers, otherwise like the wood Anemone. 

 A. apennina, a native of Southern Europe, 

 also naturalised in a few British localities, 

 has the flowers bright blue on the inside 

 of the sepals, which are narrow, and more 

 numerous than in the other two ; the root- 

 stalk is also shorter and thicker. The last 

 two are often cultivated in gardens, as well 

 as the more showy Japan Anemone, A.ja- 

 ponica, which has ternate leaves, branched 

 flowering stems, and large purplish-red 

 flowers. The Star Anemone, A. hortensis, 

 or stellata, has ternate leaves, with the 

 segments not finely divided, unbranched 

 flower stalks, and star-like flowers, smaller 

 than those of the Japan Anemone and very 

 variable in colour; and the Poppy Anemone, 

 A. co?-ow«r«o,which, like the last, is a native 

 of the Mediterranean region, has ternate 

 leaves, with the divisions cut into fine seg- 

 ments, unbranched flower-stalks, and large 

 flowers, with broad sepals, very variable 

 in colour — scarlet, purple, blue, whitish, 

 striped, or with an eye of a different hue 

 from the rest of the flower. The last two, 

 and especially the Poppy Anemone, are 

 florists' flowers. [J. T. S.] 



ANEMONE, B.UE. Tiialictrum anemo- 

 noides. 



ANEMONOPSIS. A genus of Ranuncu- 

 lacece, containing a single species, A. ma- 

 crophylla, a native of Japan. It is allied to 

 Helleborus, having three to five follicles to 

 form the fruit. The flower, however, re- 

 sembles in aspect that of an Anemone, 

 whence the name. The calyx has nine 

 sepals ; the corolla ten petals ; and the 

 leaves are three or four times ternately 

 divided, resembling an Aetata. [J. T. SJ 



ANEMOSIS. The condition known in 

 timber by the name of wind shaken. A 

 trunk which is apparently sound exter- 

 nally, proves, when felled, to have given 

 way in the direction of the concentric 

 layers of which it is composed, so that the 

 connection between them is more or less 

 completely broken. This occurs in many 

 kinds of exogenous timbers, and is no 

 less common in foreign woods than in 



