ANES] 



Clje ©rca^urg at SSotang. 



66 



those of native growth, being, as it is 

 supposed, due to the pressure of extremely- 

 violent gales. This, however, is very doubt- 

 ful, the effect being more probably due 

 to frost or lightning. "Wind, however, may 

 be injurious to trees without producing 

 absolute fractures or separation of parts, 

 by causing too rapid evaporation and 

 in consequence chilling the tissues to such 

 a degree as to retard developement, or 

 induce an unhealthy condition, or tempo- 

 rary sterility. [M. J. B.] 



ANESORHIZA. A genus of Umbelliferce, 

 containing seven or eight species of bi- 

 ennial or perennial herbaceous plants,with 

 one or more fusiform roots : natives of the 

 Cape of Good Hope. The root of A. capen- 

 sis, known vulgarly as Anyswortel, is used 

 as an esculent. The radical leaves are 

 petiolate, and two or three times pinnati- 

 sect; those of the stem are scale-like. 

 The umbels are few or many radiate : in 

 some species being as few as three, in 

 others as many as twenty-eight radiate. 

 The limb of the calyx is five-toothed and 

 persistent. The petals are elliptical and 

 acuminate. The involucres and involu- 

 cels are many-leaved, the margins of the 

 leaves being often scarious. [W. C] 



ANETHUM. The name applied to a 



genus of umbelliferous plants, which is 

 distinguished by the absence of involucre 

 to the umbel, by the absence of the limb 

 or upper part of the calyx, by the fruit 

 being flattened from back to front, pro- 

 vided with a' membranous border or wing, 

 and with six ridges, three on each half of 

 the fruits. In each of the furrows, between 

 these ridges, is placed a broad channel, or 

 vitta, filled with volatile oil. The Common 

 Dill, A. graveolens, which in appearance 

 resembles the fennel, is cultivated in herb 

 gardens in this country for the sake of its 

 fruits, and is a native of the south of 

 Europe, Egypt, the Cape of Good Hope, 

 &c. The fruits, or as they are commonly 

 but erroneously called, the seeds, when 

 distilled with water, furnish an oil on 

 which the carminative effects of the plant 

 depend. It is generally used in the form 

 of dill water, to relieve flatulence in 

 children, and to prevent the griping pro- 

 perties of some purgative medicines. The 

 plant and the fruit are used as condiments 

 in the East. It is supposed to be the plant 

 which is called Anise in the New Testament 

 narrative. [M. T. M.] 



ANETIA. A genus of Homalmece, con- 

 taining a single species, from tropical 

 Africa. It is a shrub with alternate short ly 

 petiolate leaves, and small cinereous flowers 

 in branched spikes. It is nearly allied to 

 Homalium, but differs from it in having a 

 double series of stamens and glands, 

 fifteen of each, that is three times the 

 number of the calyx segments, and in 

 having five diverging styles. [W. C] 



ANETIUM. A genus of polyp'odia- 

 ceous ferns, sometimes referred to the 

 Acrostichece, but more closely allied to 



the IlemionitidecL', among which it is dis- 

 tinguished by having the veins of the 

 fronds uniform, reticulate, and the sori 

 sporadic, or dispersed, sometimes reticu- 

 lated following the veins, and in some 

 places distributed on the surface, but 

 everywhere partial, as if scattered. The 

 species A. citrifolium, is a West Indian and 

 South American plant.producing narrowish 

 simple fronds. [T. M.] 



ANETTE. (Fr.) Lathyrus tuberosus. 

 ANEURA, ANEUREiE. The name of a 



division and genus of f rondose Jungerman- 

 macece. A. multifida and A. pinguis, found 

 on the margins of ponds, on the walls of 

 wells, and in similar damp situations, 

 associated with Pellia, differ from that 

 genus in having more divided and irregu- 

 lar ribless fronds, with the fruit marginal 

 and ventral, the capsule oval or oblong, 

 and the elaters attached to the tips of the 

 valves. Aneura is the only genus of the 

 division Aneurece, a name indicative of the 

 ribless fronds. [M. J. B.] 



ANFRACTUOSE. Twisted or sinuous, 

 like the anther of a cucumber. 



ANGELICA. A family of umbelliferous 

 plants, the several species of which in- 

 habit Europe and America. The name was 

 given as a record of the angelic virtues pos- 

 sessed by some of the species ; for not only 

 J was it a singular remedy against poison, 

 the plague, all kinds of infection, and ma- 

 laria, but it was invaluable against witch- 

 | craft and enchantments. The British 

 \ species, A. sylvestris is a tall and stately 

 plant, five or six feet high, with a polished 

 I stem, most frequently tinged with purple 

 ; and covered with a glaucous bloom like 

 | that of a plum, much branched, bearing 

 large compound leaves covered with a 

 bloom like that of the stem, and at the 

 extremity of each branch a large convex 

 umbel of white flowers tinged with pink. 

 : It is common on the banks of rivers in 

 : withy-holts and other watery places, 

 ' and may often be distinguished at a con- 

 ; siderable distance by the large egg-shaped 

 | expansions of the leaf stalks, which serve 

 as an integument for the as yet unex- 

 panded flowers. The plant is now little 

 regarded for any intrinsic virtues it may 

 possess : but it forms a picturesque addi- 

 tion to the landscape, and may be made 

 very useful fn the garden by cutting the 

 j hollow stalks into convenient lengths and 

 ! placing them about in the shrubs as traps 

 ; for earwigs. Candied Angelica is made 

 from the stalks of an allied plant, Archan- 

 gelica. The appearance of a tall species of 

 j this genus growing in Kamtchatka is 

 shown in plate 16. [C. A. J.] 



ANGELICA. The garden name for Arch- 

 angelica officinalis. 



ANGELICA TREE. Aralia spinosa. 

 ANGELICO. Ligusticum actmifolium. 

 ANGELIQUE. (Fr.) Archangelica offici- 

 nalis. — DE BOHEME. Trochiscanthes 



