pound leaves, the petioles of which are See Hedera, Aealia, Panax, Gunnera, 



tripartite, each division hearing from Adoxa, &c. 



three to five ovate or heart-shaped serrated I . „ . pnn ™ _,. onT „„ „„ A „, * 



! leaflets. This plant is called Spikenard in ' ^.^'3? Arrow-root, 



: North America, and is highly esteemed as ; " mLU see - 



I a medicine. The roots of A. nudicaulis, | ARAR TREE. Callitris quadrivalvis, 

 I another North American herbaceous spe- formerly called Thuja articulata, a great 



cies, were formerly imported and sold for coniferous tree, which yields gum sandarac. 

 j sarsaparilla ; and they are stated to be used 

 I hy the Crees, under the name of Rabbit- 

 root, as a remedy against syphilis, and 



also as an application to recent wounds, 

 i A. spinosa, one of the prickly species, is a 

 j small, simple-stemmed tree, eight to twelve 



feet high, the stems and leafstalks both 



prickly, the leaves doubly and triply 



pinnated with ovate serrate leaflets, 



and the panicle much branched, downy, 



bearing numerous umbels of flowers. This 



is known in America under the name of 



Angelica tree, and the berries are used in 



an infusion of wine or spirits for relieving/ 



rheumatic pains and violent colic. TheW single adnate seed, and 'many of them 



tincture has also been found to relieve \ usually barren. There are five or six 



toothache. The Rice Paper plant of China i species known, all from the southern 



ARATICU DO MATO. A Brazilian name 

 for Anona sylvatica. 



ARAUCARIA. A genus of Conifer cr, 

 consisting of lofty evergreen trees, with 

 verticillate spreading branches, covered 

 with stiff, flattened, pointed leaves, usually 

 imbricate, but more or less spreading. 

 The spikes of male flowers are cylindrical 

 and terminal; each anther divided into 

 from six to twenty cells. The ripe cones 

 in the females are large, globular, terminal, 

 densely imbricated with numerous woody 

 scales, sometimes winged, each bearing a 



has been referred to this genus by Sir TV. J. 

 Hooker, under the name of A. papyrifera. 

 This plant grows in the deep swampy 

 forests of the island of Formosa, and appa- 

 rently there only, forming a small tree, 

 branching in the upper part, the younger 

 portions of the stem, together with the 

 leaves and inflorescence, covered with co- 

 pious stellate down. The full-grown leaves 

 are sometimes a foot long, cordate, Ave to 

 seven-lobed, of a soft and flaccid texture. 



hemisphere. A. imbricata is the species 

 commonly planted in this country, and 

 the only one which will tear our climate 

 without protection. It is a native of the 

 mountains of Southern Chili, where it 

 forms vast forests, attaining a great height, 

 and supplying a hard and durable timber. 

 The seeds are also edible when fresh. The 

 leaves are very spreading, vertically flat- 

 tened, broadly lanceolate, very stiff, with 

 long pungent points, and attain a couple 



The panicles of flowers come from the j f inches in length. The cones, sessile afe 



extremities of the stem and branches, 

 rising above them, and then becoming 

 pendulous, one to three feet long, bearing 

 the numerous capitate umbels of small 

 greenish flowers. The stems are filled 

 with pith of very fine texture, and white 

 as snow, which when cut forms the article 

 known as rice paper. Large quantities of 

 the stems are ' taken in native crafts from 

 Formosa to Chinchew, where they are cut 

 into thin sheets for the manufacture of 

 artificial flowers/ A lengthened account of 

 this interesting plant will be found in 

 Hooker's Journal of Botany. [T. M.] 



ARALIACEJ2 (Araliads, Ivyworts) form 

 a small natural order closely approaching 

 umbellifers, from which they in reality 

 differ in little, except their fruit always 

 consisting of more carpels than two, and 

 having no double epigynous disk. They 

 are also more generally arborescent, many 

 of them being trees or large shrubs, and 

 very few herbs. Several are conspicuous 

 for their broad noble foliage. The species 

 are found in the tropical and sub-tropi- 

 cal regions of the world; and in some 

 of the coldest, as in Canada, the north- 

 west coast of America, and Japan. Aralia 

 polaris even occurs in Lord Auckland's 

 Islands, in 50J° south latitude. They have 

 aromatic qualities, usually slight, but 

 occasionally intense. One of them forms 

 a soft white spongy pith, which when cut 

 into thin plates and flattened becomes the 

 so-called Rice Paper plant of the Chinese. 



the extremities of the branches, are of 

 the size of a child's head. A. brasiliensis 

 forms large forests in south tropical 

 Brazil. It much resembles the Chilian 

 species, but is rather more elegant in 

 growth and of a better colour. It is 

 occasionally planted in Southern Europe, 

 where it succeeds better than the A. imbri- 

 cata, but is too tender for this country. 

 A. excelsa, the Norfolk Island pine, attains 

 the height of 200 feet. The leaves are 

 much shorter than in the two preceding 

 species, and but slightly flattened, and the 

 scales of the cone are broadly winged with 

 a hooked point. It will not bear the open 

 air in our climate, but forms a conspicuous 

 object in lofty conservatories. It has been 

 considered by some botanists as forming, 

 with two Australian species, a distinct 

 genus under the name of Eutassa or 

 Eutacta. 



ARBOL BE CORAL. A Mexican name 

 for Picramnia Corallodendron. — DEL ! 

 CERA. A South American name for Elcea- \ 

 (jia utilis. — DE LECHE. The Cow Tree, j 

 Brosimum Galactodendron. — DE ULE. A | 

 Mexican name for Castilloa elastica. 



ARBOR JTJD^E. A common name for 

 Cercis or Judas tree. — VITiE. The common 

 name for Thuja. 



ARBOUSIER. (Fr.) Arbutus. 



ARBRE 

 Azedarach. 

 virginica. 



A v CHAPELET. (Fr.) Melia 



— A v FRANCES. Cliionanthus 



— A N LA CIB.E. Myrica ceri- 



